Indian Journal of Positive Psychology

Pages:382-387
Gayatrivadivu, Poonguzhali, Ofelia and Vijayabanu (Madras School of Social Work, Chenaai)

Forgiveness is described as the ability of letting go of transgression leading to positive feelings. Resilience is the ability to successfully adapt and cope through challenging situations. Thereby Forgiveness and Resilience helps in resolving problems successfully in any relationship including marriage. Resolving problems and reconciliation of relationship enhances Marital Satisfaction. Today the divorce rates are increasing. Statistical data about divorce rate in India is alarming. One of the reasons could be lack of the ability to accept and face challenges and couples reluctance in asking and granting forgiveness during the tough courses of their relationship leading to a decline in Marital Satisfaction. Hence the present study intended to find out the influence of Forgiveness and Resilience on Marital Satisfaction. Using purposive sampling method a sample of 233 married individuals was selected. Tools used for data collection include i) Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003) ii) Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson, Snyder, & Hoffman2005) iii) ABC Scale of Marital Relationship (Swaminathan & Napinai, 2009). Statistical analysis included Karl Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Students 't' test. Statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant correlation between i) Forgiveness and Resilience ii) Forgiveness and Marital Satisfaction iii) Forgiveness and Marital Relationship. It also revealed that there is no significant correlation between Resilience and Marital Relationship. There is no significant difference between Men and Women in i) Resilience ii) Forgiveness iii) Marital Satisfaction iv) Marital Harmony. There is a significant difference among Men and Women in i) Marital Adjustment ii) Marital Relationship. The study emphasized on factors that contribute to a satisfied Marital Relationship aided by factors like Forgiveness and Resilience.

Pages:393-397
Parnika Sharma (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh) Swati Patra (School of Social Sciences, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi)

Happiness is a state we all want to achieve,but what exactly is happiness and how to be in that state is very subjective and depends upon person to person. The present study was aimed to explore the meaning and conception of happiness among College students. Total 48 college students (ages range 18 to 24 year old) were selected from private universities of Greater Noida. The study employed qualitative-descriptive research design. Findings showed that happiness is a multifaceted construct as: Self orientation, Enjoyment, Other oriented, Positive Thoughts, Achievements, Work Life Balance, Purpose in Life, satisfaction, Determination, Spend time with love ones. Self orientation as components of happiness was found difference on the level of age. The findings of the research conclude the several of happiness and provide further research suggestions in the psychology of happiness.

Pages:403-406
Masoome Ezadpanahi (M.A. Student of General Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Morteza Latifian (Department of Education, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran) Gholamreza Pishdad (Department of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Training on Stress Management Style Resiliency and Hemoglobin Levels in diabetic patients of Shiraz city has been done. Research method was experimental and the design of pretest-posttest-with-control group kind been. Statistical population consisted of nearly nine hundred and fifty diabetic patients from the Diabetic Center of the City of Shiraz one year before and filling the case. The research community consisted of 60 people was randomly selected from the member patients of Shiraz diabetic association who were available from the sample. They were randomly bringing in two groups of experimental and control. At first pre-tests were performed by both groups and then the experiment group were trained stress management, cognitive - behavioral therapy with relaxation in 10 sessions of two hours and a half every week and during this term control group was under training other unrelated stress management programs such as drug educations. After the end of the term, both groups completed the questionnaires again. Also glycemic control index (HbA1c) test was repeated after 3 months from the first test. The research tools include resiliency questionnaires and glycemic control index (HbA1c) testing. Also, data obtained from research using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, maximum and minimum) and the covariance method Manova inferential statistics and independent T-test and analysis software SPSS-18 case. The findings indicate that cognitive style group training, stress management - treated diabetic patients by increasing resiliency and decrease of the glycemic hemoglobin in the blood of diabetic patients.

Pages:411-414
Fauzia Nazam and Akbar Husain (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study is to give operational definition of spiritual values and standardization of Spiritual Values Scale (SVS). The objectives of the study are: (1) to determine the reliability of the scale, particularly internal consistency of the scale, (2) to determine the validity of the scale, particularly obtaining the factorial validity with the aim of finding factorial structure of Spiritual Values Scale, and (3) to determine the inter-factorial validity of the scale in order to ensure that all the factors are measuring the same hypothetical construct that is spiritual values. Four hundred Muslim adolescents were selected from main stream schools and Madaris of Aligarh City. Of these, there were 200 female and 200 male adolescents. The Mean age and SD of the participants were 15.88 (minimum 12 and maximum 19) and 1.84 respectively. The main findings of the study were: (1) the internal consistency of the scale was found to be 0.911 for the overall scale, showing the scale is highly reliable, (2) the factorial validity of the scale revealed 5 factorial structure of the Spiritual Values Scale. They are: (1) Altruistic Values (2) Humanistic Values (3) Personal Values (4) Divine Values, and (5) Affective Values. (3) The inter-factorial validity of the scale ranged between 0.444 to 0.646 among the extracted 5 factors. All factors were found significant at .001 level (2-tailed). The scale was found reliable and valid for the measurement of spiritual values.

Pages:420-424
Shanmukh Vasant Kamble (Department of Psychology, Karnatak University Dharwad, Karnataka)

The present study is conducted to find out the impact of REACH forgiveness therapy among Post-Graduate students who are hurt in relationship. One hundred and twenty eight students were selected using Purposive Sampling Technique from various departments of Karnatak University, Dharwad. Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations (TRIM) Inventory by McCullough et al. (2006), The Decisional and Emotional Forgiveness Scale developed by Everett L. Worthington Jr, et al. (2007) and Batson's Empathy Adjective scale (1986) were used to collect the data.The impact of REACH forgiveness therapy was found from the obtained results. Students have shown less avoidance and revenge motivation after undergoing by the therapy and more conciliation and benevolence motivation towards the person who hurt them. At the same time the decision to forgive and emotional forgiveness was high after undergoing the therapy and also students have expressed more empathy towards the person who hurt them. This study will help to reduce negative effect, leads to conflict management, stress relief and improved relationships. This can bring long-term health benefits for our heart and overall health.

Pages:430-434
Hannah Paul, Sadhana Sriram Su. Subalukshmi and Vyjayanthi Mala (Madras School of Social Work, Chennai)

This study aims to find a relationship between the three variables, namely Resilience, Academic motivation and social support. This study is based on a survey research among 200college students and Convenience sampling method was used to draw the data; Tools used are RS 14 Resilience scale (Wagnild & Young, 1993), Academic motivation scale (ams-c 28) College (cegep) version (EME, Vallerand et al., 1989) and Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (SNI) to measure their social connectedness. Karl Pearson product moment correlation was used to study the relationship. The study found out significant relationships between various dimensions of the AMS and resilience.

Pages:439-442
Ram Kalap Tiwari (Department of Psychology, K. S. Saket P. G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad, UP)

India is currently facing the problem of incivility and immorality in children. The need has arisen to seek informal approaches to the inculcation of desirable values and civic responsibilities in the children of young age in view of the apparent fading of the formal school system to inculcate desirable values and responsibilities of citizenship. The present study was conducted for nurturing values of citizenship responsibilities among 100 elementary school children at Faizabad city of Uttar Pradesh. The study was a quasi-experimental research involving a pre-test of the children's levels of civic knowledge or knowledge of responsibilities before exposing them to series of instructions/programme related to values of responsibilities of citizenship after which the post-test was give to the children participated in the investigation. The post-test mean score was found to be greater than that of pre-test implying that the program implemented in post-test had significant impact on the children's knowledge about citizenship responsibilities. The need to encourage regular involvement in civic activities for elementary school children during school time was remanded.

Pages:448-450
Sandhya Rani Hawbam (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

The present paper attempts to study relationship between happiness and coping strategies among adults and adolescents. The Subjective Happiness Scale and Ways of Coping Questionnaires were administered to 80 individuals consisting of 40 adolescents and 40 adults. Statistical analysis was done by computing mean, standard deviation, t-test and correlation. The result shows adults are happier as compared to adolescents. A significant difference in coping strategies was seen between adolescents and adults. In adolescents' positive relationship were seen between seeking social support, planful problem solving and happiness and in adults a positive association was found between self control, positive reappraisal and happiness. On the other hand a negative association was seen in both the groups between happiness and escape avoidance.

Pages:456-460
Sachin K. Dwivedi and Anuradha Kotnala (Department of Clinical Psychology, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidhyalaya, Hardwar, UK)

The purpose of this investigation was to assess impact of hypnotherapy in mitigating the symptoms of depression. 50 Participants were selected through accidental sampling from various psychiatric clinics of Delhi (India). Educational, economic and age related factors treated as control variable. For the obtaining the score on depression, MDS (Mental Depression Scale) was used, which has 50 items, based on Yes/No response of participants for assessing level of Depression. Research was based on Pre-test and Post-test research design. Statistically analysis was done by paired t test. Results indicate that the “t” value, 14.21, which is significant at 0.01 level of confidence, shows that hypnotherapy mitigates the symptoms of depression.

Pages:465-468
Manju Singh, Waheeda Khan and Meena Osmany (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

Gratitude is held in high esteem by virtually in every society. From ancient religious scriptures through modern social science research, gratitude is viewed as a desirable human characteristic with the capacity for making life better for oneself and for others. Gratitude as an action may be in response to something either material (e.g., gift) or non-material (e.g., a spiritual or emotional experience). In this context, the present research was designed to study gratitude among young adults. For this purpose, data was collected from 80 young adults with equal number of males and females and were administered Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (McCullough, Emmons, & Tsang, 2002) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (Goldberg & Williams, 1988). Group differences were analyzed by t-test; Pearson product moment method of correlation and multiple regression analyses were also performed. Results revealed significant gender differences on gratitude, i.e. females showing high level of gratitude, however, differences were not significant on two dimensions of health. Significant negative correlation was observed between gratitude and dimensions of health i.e. depression/anxiety, social dysfunction. Overall health scores yielded significant but negative correlation with gratitude. Gratitude was significantly predicted by overall mental health for the total sample, explaining the role of gratitude as positive emotion in promoting mental health. Thus, highlighting the benefits of being grateful in maintaining the quality of life among the young adults.