Indian Journal of Positive Psychology
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Pages:380-383 Sumitra Devi (Institute of Teacher Training & Research BPS Mahila Vishwavidalaya Khanpur, Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana) Meenakshi Dahiya (Directorate of Secondary Education Haryana, Punchkula) The examination results at secondary school level in the State of Haryana reveal that there are hoard of low-achievers. The investigators thought to look into the reasons and effective remedies. Based on the research finding of Hansford and Hattie (1982) and Damon and Hart (1988), the investigators too agreed that the children who have clearer and more positive perception of their abilities, and have more positive views of themselves, always do better in their studies as compared to children who doubt their own abilities. Thus, the investigators conducted the study on whether and how better study habits in cooperative learning class room enhance academic performance and self-efficacy of low achievers with the objectives of looking into reason of low achieving and low self-efficacy and to correct these deficiencies though better study habits in cooperative class room setting. STAD method of cooperative learning was applied and the evaluation was done through teacher-made achievement tests of all subject of 10th class throughout the 2nd semester in the academic session 2011-12 in addition to self-made self-efficacy scale, interviews, observations and information supplied by the stake holders. The investigators found environmental and emotional factors; non availability of good reading materials; and lack of attention by stake holders as reason behind low achievement and low self-efficacy. The STAD method of cooperative learning with better study habits was found to enhance academic performance and self- efficacy of low achievers. Pages:380-383
Sumitra Devi (Institute of Teacher Training & Research BPS Mahila Vishwavidalaya Khanpur, Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana)
Meenakshi… |
Pages:384-386 m Girija and Bharathi Kumar K. (Department of Psychology, Jamia Milia Islamia University, Delhi) In this study the authors examined emotional competence of the Manipuri students studying in Delhi and in Manipur. A sample of manipuri students (male and female) studying in Delhi and in Manipur was randomly selected for the study. Emotional competence scale by Albert, Rejeswri, and Anantharaman (2001) was administered to the subjects, 2x2 ANOVA was carried out for the total emotional competence. The main effect of locality (f=4.2*, p<.05), is significant. The main effect of gender (f=0.05, p>.05), and interaction of locality X gender (f=0.00, p>.05), is not significant. In the subfactors like self-awareness (16.57**), self-control (5.19*), motivation (20.29**), and self-assessment (12.42**) significant difference was found between the locality of manipuri student studying in Delhi and in Manipur.` Pages:384-386
m Girija and Bharathi Kumar K. (Department of Psychology, Jamia Milia Islamia University, Delhi) |
Pages:387-390 Phooljani Ghosh and Tilottama Mukherjee (Department of Psychology, Calcutta University, Kolkata) In recent years, psychology has spread its wings and left its undeniable marks into many areas. Psycho-oncology is one such area where it works on assessing the mental states of cancer patients and offering ways to reduce stress. The term Cancer immediately causes fear and hopelessness among patients. Among women, Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality across the world. Breast cancer triggers wide range of adverse psychological conditions; both as emotional reactions to the disease and as the side effects of the treatment modules. Factors like pain, nausea, vomiting, decreased sleep are natural side effects of the cancer treatment, but when it comes with psychological reactions such as anger, hopelessness, helplessness, anxiety, depression, fear of relapse, the journey through the disease course becomes unbearable. In last few years, patients have shown in increased amount of interest on alternative and complementary medicine and intervention procedures and Mindfulness has proved to be the choice of many. Mindfulness has its root in Eastern Spiritual beliefs and it works on the unity of mind and body as a whole. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) module is devised and designed so to reduce stress and to improve a person's quality of life. Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. Mindfulness meditation as a means of relaxation, reduction of psychological distress, and symptom control has a demonstrated utility across a spectrum of health care concerns including cancer. Purchase PDF Purchase hard copy Pages:387-390
Phooljani Ghosh and Tilottama Mukherjee (Department of Psychology, Calcutta University, Kolkata) |
Pages:391-395 Edward Hoffman (Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA ) Garima Srivastava (All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi) Sonia Kapur (University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA) Nursing education has increasingly recognized the importance of dispositional factors in affecting student attrition and motivation. Yet meager empirical research exists on intrinsic motivational attributes of nursing students. In our view, early peak-experiences can provide useful information in this domain. We therefore collected data among Indian nursing students attending two nursing programs at a medical university in New Delhi. Sixty-six females responded to a questionnaire asking them to describe a peak-experience occurring before the age of 14 and its impact on their subsequent view of life. They also rated the enduring impact of their peak-experience on a 5-point Likert scale. Among their 68 reports, those involving external achievement were most frequent (35.3%). These were followed in frequency by interpersonal joy (27.9%), developmental landmark (17.7%), and receiving a material gift (11.8%). Peaks related to nature, skill mastery, or a religious experience in an institutional or non-institutional setting, were relatively rare, each accounting for less than 3% of all reports. No other categories of peak-experience, such as pertaining to aesthetics, philosophical musing, or serenity, were reported. The implications of our findings for optimizing Indian nursing education are discussed. Future avenues for research are highlighted. Pages:391-395
Edward Hoffman (Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA )
Garima Srivastava (All India Institute of Medical… |
Pages:396-400 Wenny Hulukati (Guidance and Counseling Department, Faculty of Education (FIP), Gorontalo State University, Indonesia) This study was a multi-year study, which lasted for 3 years. Year one activities was about identifying problems faced by the counselors and teachers in relation to personality development in the program of guidance and counseling, analyzing the curriculum, analyzing the content of the activities, developing draft guidelines: (a) the teacher's guide, (b) the students' guide, and (c) the assessment guide. While second year activities included: development of instruments for the pilot study on guidance and counseling, completed expert evaluation and revision, accomplished a small-scale field testing and revision of the product, implemented large-scale field trials and final products, trained teachers and students about how to use products that had been developed. And the third year comprised of measuring the effectiveness of the guidelines that had been developed to enhance the professionalism of teachers, counselors, and students through a quasi-experiment. The results of the study, revealed that: the devised individual-development guide was effective in improving the counselor's competence in conducting guidance and counseling to the high school students. This showed that instruments developed are suitable for teachers in conducting guidance and counseling program at the level of senior high school. Pages:396-400
Wenny Hulukati (Guidance and Counseling Department, Faculty of Education (FIP), Gorontalo State University, Indonesia) |
Pages:401-406 Komal Chandiramani and Waheeda Khan (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi) Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) and Subjective Well Being (SWB) play a very important role in evaluating a person's experience as cancer patients. The present study was designed to compare and examine the relationship between PTG and SWB among stage I and stage II breast cancer patients. For this, a sample of 60 patients was taken (30 in each group) from hospitals of Delhi and was administered Post Traumatic Growth Inventory and Subjective Well Being Inventory. Group differences were evaluated using t test. Results indicated that stage II breast cancer patients were significantly higher on overall PTG and its dimensions of new possibility, appreciation to life and spiritual change. The similar trend was observed with respect to overall SWB and its dimensions i.e. well being-positive affect, transcendence, social support, perceived ill health, deficiency in social contacts, well being-negative affect. Moreover, stage II patients indicated more significant positive relations between two constructs as compared to stage I patients. It was concluded that both are important constructs in evaluating positive change in cancer patients. Future research should focus on interventions that would be beneficial for stage I and II breast cancer patients and should also incorporate qualitative aspects of the cancer diagnosis. Pages:401-406
Komal Chandiramani and Waheeda Khan (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi) |
Pages:407-411 Jagpreet Kaur and Dalvir Singh (Department of Education, Punjabi University, Patiala) Over the past 20 years, the psychological hardiness construct has emerged as a buffer in the relationship between stressors and illness and has been shown to enhance performance, conduct, and morale The present study examined the relationship between psychological hardiness and family environment of adolescents in a sample of 300 adolescents from Sangrur district of Punjab. The results of correlation analysis revealed that psychological hardiness among adolescents is significantly related to all the eight family environment components as well as total family environment. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was run to examine the extent to which the various dimensions of family environment contributed to the variability in psychological hardiness among adolescents. The results indicated that that family environment emerged as a significant predictor of control and challenge dimension of psychological hardiness and as well as total psychological hardiness among adolescents. However, none of the family environment components or total family environment emerged as a significant predictor of commitment dimension of psychological hardiness among adolescents. These results of the study have implications for counsellors, teachers and parents. Pages:407-411
Jagpreet Kaur and Dalvir Singh (Department of Education, Punjabi University, Patiala) |
Pages:412-417 Naved Iqbal, Aafreen Sarfaraz, Sheema Aleem and Samina Bano (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi) Traditionally psychologists have focused on negative effect of stressful life events, but now there is growing realization that in some people it can bring positive change or posttraumatic growth. Most of the studies of posttraumatic growth were conducted on adults, there is some debate whether this topic is appropriate to study in children or not. In view of this present study was planned to study “sense of coherence, social support and coping as predictors of posttraumatic growth in orphan children.” Sample of the present study comprised 50 subjects (age 10-12). Sample was collected from different orphanages in Delhi. Sense of coherence was measured by the Sense of Coherence Scale developed by Antonovsky (1987). Social support was measured by Social Support Questionnaire for children (SSQC) developed by Gordon, Thompson, Kelley, Schexnaildre, and Burns (2010). Coping was measured by Youth Coping Responses Inventory (YCRI) developed by Hernandez, Vigna, and Kelley (2010). Posttraumatic growth was measured by Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children (PTGI-C) developed by Cryder, Kilmer, Tedeschi, and Calhoun, (2006). The effect of these three predictor variables (sense of coherence, social support and coping) were assessed on the five dimensions of posttraumatic growth (i.e. relating to others, new possibilities, personal strength, spiritual change and appreciation of life). Obtained data were analyzed with the help of simultaneous multiple regressions. Results showed that total sense of coherence was not found as a significant predictor but when dimensions of sense of coherence were studied as predictors of different dimensions of posttraumatic growth, manageability dimension of sense of coherence was found to be significant predictor of all but one dimension of posttraumatic growth, i.e., spiritual change. Total social support was a significant predictor as well as its two types, i.e., peer and adult of most of the dimensions of posttraumatic growth. Total coping was found to be a significant predictor of spiritual change dimension of posttraumatic growth. When different coping were studied as predictors, diversion coping was found to be significant predictor for relating to others, new possibilities and spiritual change and ameliorative coping was found to be significant predictor of relating to others, personal strength, and appreciation dimensions of posttraumatic growth. Total sense of coherence, social support and coping yielded large effect size for all the dimensions of posttraumatic growth. Pages:412-417
Naved Iqbal, Aafreen Sarfaraz, Sheema Aleem and Samina Bano (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia… |
Pages:418-422 Vandana Kapur and Meetu Khosla (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) The study examines the differences in subjective well-being among mildly-depressed and non-depressed college students (n=160). Subjective well-being was assessed using measures of general well-being, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect and self-esteem. The P.G.I. general well being scale was used to assess general well-being of the participants, while the Satisfaction with Life Scale was used to assess global life satisfaction. PANAS-R adapted from the original PANAS was used to measure affective responses while the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory was used to assess the self-esteem of participants. The results indicate that non-depressed participants reported better general well-being, greater life satisfaction, more positive affect and less negative affect and higher self-esteem as compared to mildly-depressed participants. Pages:418-422
Vandana Kapur and Meetu Khosla (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) |
Pages:423-425 Anjana S. Chauhan and Gandharva R. JoshiQ (Department of Psychology, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat) The study was designed to investigate the impact of certain personal variables on Emotional Intelligence of police personnel. The sample consisted of 200 police personnel (Constable/Head Constable) selected randomly from various branches of Rajkot and Junagarh districts. Mangal's Emotional Intelligence Inventory was used to measure emotional intelligence. the results indicated that police are not emotionally intelligent when they were tested on the following variables: gender (t = 1.64, > 0.05), area of residence (t = 1.40, > 0.05), marital status (t = 0.67, > 0.05), and family status (t = 1.73, > 0.05). Whereas, some variables namely education qualification and work experience, job status, age, monthly income and type of family have significant effect on emotional intelligence of police. Pages:423-425
Anjana S. Chauhan and Gandharva R. JoshiQ (Department of Psychology, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat) |
Pages:426-428 Harpreet Kanwal Chhabra and Sharanpreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) Mindfulness involves a voluntary, fluid regulation of attention. It is the ability to 'stay on strategy' (Zeidan et al., 2010). Mindfulness helps to stay focused on the present, thus keeping out distressful thoughts (e.g., Emmerling & Goleman, 2003) and by promoting adaptive emotion regulation. This study aimed at exploring mindfulness in relation to emotional intelligence and stress. The initial sample comprised of 200 males and 200 females in the age range of 15 to 19 yrs. (mean age=16.51 yrs. for males and 16.42 yrs. for females) drawn from various Government Model Senior Secondary Schools of Chandigarh, India. Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale by Brown & Ryan (2003), Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test by Schutte et al. (1998) and Adolescent Stress Questionnaire by Byrne et al. (2007), were used for the study. Results highlighted interesting trends in relation to mindfulness, emotional intelligence and stress. Pages:426-428
Harpreet Kanwal Chhabra and Sharanpreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) |
Pages:429-433 Shubhdip Kaur and Damanjit Sandhu (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala) India has the world's largest number of sexually abused children. Child sexual abuse is the involvement of a child in a sexual activity that he or she does not comprehend, is unable to give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared and cannot give consent, or that violates the laws or social taboos of society. Childhood sexual abuse carries long-term behavioral consequences for the victim such as post-traumatic stress, conduct problems, anxiety, withdrawal, fear, sexual behavior, poor physical and mental health, greater substance abuse, poorer parental relationships, and various cognitive distortions. These consequences make the psychological adjustment of victim harder during adolescence. Still, these adolescents can be made to come out of past trauma for getting better adjusted psychologically in future, with the use of effective interventions. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is one such intervention, which has been proved to be effective in reducing the psychological distress and thus, behavioral problems of the sexually abused victims, in the course of this study. Pages:429-433
Shubhdip Kaur and Damanjit Sandhu (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala) |
Pages:434-442 Pareek S. and Mathur N. (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Considering the religious faith and scientific healing attached with the practice of forgiveness, the present paper explored the concept of forgiveness as articulated and theorized in ancient and contemporary literature. Specifically, the objective was to delineate the cross culturally ingrained common vision and practical orientations on forgiveness as documented in reviewed texts. The systematic review of the ancient documentation and recent researches indicates the conceptual and practical commonalities with regards to forgiveness and its correlates. Pages:434-442
Pareek S. and Mathur N. (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) |
Pages:443-445 Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP) In the present study an attempt has been made to study the effect of Type A- Type B behavior pattern on coping strategies of cardiovascular patients. In order to pursue the above objective Type A/B behavioral pattern scale and coping strategies scale were used to collect the data. The sample considered of 120 patients selected from various hospitals and clinics. 60 patients were those who have Type A behavior pattern 60 patients were those who have Type B behavior pattern. In each group there were equal numbers of male and female. Data were analyzed by using 2x2 ANOVA. Findings of the study revealed that patients of Type A behavior pattern use more approach coping strategies than patients of type B behavior pattern. However there is no difference in the using of avoidance coping. Female patients use more emotion focused coping than male patients while male patients use more problem focused coping than female patients Pages:443-445
Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP) |
Pagese:446-448 Poonam R. Das and Anjum F. Shah (Department of Psychology, St. Johns College, Agra, UP) The present study aims to find out gender difference regarding assertiveness among young male and female subjects. Assertiveness inventory constructed by Dr. Tasneem Naqvi was administered on 150 subjects (75 girls and 75 boys) selected from different Intermediate and degree colleges of Agra. Data was statistically analysed by using Chi-square. The study concludes that there is significant gender difference with regard to assertiveness, boys were found to be more assertive than girls. Pagese:446-448
Poonam R. Das and Anjum F. Shah (Department of Psychology, St. Johns College, Agra, UP) |
Pages:449-452 Anjali Malik and Sarvdeep Kohli (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana) Individual well being represents people's evaluation of their lives, and includes happiness, pleasant emotions, life satisfaction and a relative absence of the unpleasant moods and emotions. Well being depends not only on subjective factors but objective factors as well which include, among other things, the socio-political milieu in which the individual finds himself. Since governance is the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented, an analysis of governance focuses on the formal and informal actors involved in decision-making and implementing the decisions made. Democratic decentralization is said to enhance governance, citizens' empowerment, and the quality of democracy, creating a virtuous cycle to improve the well-being of the citizens. Effective political institutions and decentralized decision making play crucial roles in enhancing happiness or well being of people. Pages:449-452
Anjali Malik and Sarvdeep Kohli (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana) |
Pages:453-456 Pravakar Duari and Surendra kumar Sia (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry) Happiness is a holistic ideal. It speaks to the person that his/her life is complete in the sense that his/her reasonable desires are fulfilled over his/her life time. According Mayer and Diner (1995), happiness may be defined as the experience of frequent positive affect, infrequent negative affect and overall senses of satisfaction with life as a whole. Gandhiji mentions that “the people became happy when what they think, what they say and what they do is a harmony situation”. Workplace happiness is not just a feel good thing- it really matters in hard, financial term. Workplace happiness is a key factor in motivation and productivity. It's hard to get much dynamism, efficiency and enthusiasm from someone who is unhappy. However, workplace happiness is even more important in retaining key people within an organization. Happy at work is crucial both to the employee and to the company. People will spend more of their adult life on their job than on anything else. People's work will take up more of their time than their families, friends and hobbies combined. It would be nicer if that time is spent at a job that actually makes them happy. Happy people and happy company can create a lot of good things such as increasing productivity, quality, sales, customer satisfaction, creativity, innovation, adaptation, flexibility, and decreasing loss, absenteeism, stress of workers, accidents and occupational diseases. So, quality organization starts with quality personnel, not quality machine or quality office. Quality personnel are personnel with knowledge, competence, creativity, virtue and happiness. Pages:453-456
Pravakar Duari and Surendra kumar Sia (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry) |
Pages:457-459 Tarundeep (GGDSD College, Sector 32,Chandigarh) Spirituality and religion have been seen as beneficial, harmful, and irrelevant to health. An effort was made to examine the recent research on this topic. The focus was on: defining spirituality and religion both conceptually and operationally. The rapidly accumulating evidence on spirituality further confirmed that personal spirituality has important influences on healthcare outcomes however it is difficult to integrate into daily medical practice. However medical spirituality was studied as a distinct interdisciplinary with its own well-developed body of clinical evidence, clinical skill and with well-defined clinical boundaries. An effort was made to integrate the new knowledge, and help anticipate developing "turf issues." Pages:457-459
Tarundeep (GGDSD College, Sector 32,Chandigarh) |
Pages:460-463 Md. Firoz Ibrahimi (Department of Psychology, Karim City College, Jamshedpur) Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. It has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors. Positive clinical psychology, has an integrated and equally weighted focus on both positive and negative functioning in all areas of research and practice. Positive characteristics can uniquely predict disorder beyond the predictive power of the presence of negative characteristics, and buffer the impact of negative life events, potentially preventing the development of disorder. Increased study of these characteristics can rapidly expand the knowledge base of clinical psychology and utilize the promising new interventions to treat disorder through promoting the positive. Responding to criticisms of the Positive Psychology movement Positive psychology has been implemented in business management practice, but has faced challenges. Wong and Davey noted managers can introduce positive psychology to a workplace, but they might struggle with positive ways to apply it to employees. Furthermore, for employees to welcome and commit to positive psychology, its application within an organization must be transparent. Pages:460-463
Md. Firoz Ibrahimi (Department of Psychology, Karim City College, Jamshedpur) |
Pages:464-467 Bhavya Nain (Independent Professional, Patiala House Courts, New Delhi) This article gives certain general reasons as to why Maslow's Theory/Hierarchy of Needs is inaccurate and/or wrong. It also gives certain specific reasons why the same is inaccurate in an organizational perspective and why the use of the same as a theory for motivation of employees is incorrect. The author also gives an alternative model of hierarchy of needs, namely the Nain Model, which is particularly applicable in an Organizational perspective. The author has also surveyed some existing literature to find support for the proposed Nain Model. The said article further advocates that instead of blindly applying Maslow's Theory of Motivation to all employees alike, there should a personalised approach to employee motivation. Pages:464-467
Bhavya Nain (Independent Professional, Patiala House Courts, New Delhi) |