Indian Journal of Positive Psychology
Filters Sort results
Reset Apply
Pages:1-6 Divya Dovina. T and S. Karunanidhi (Department of Psychology, University of Madras, Chennai) Positive psychological capacities in the workplace are an area on which considerable research has been done over the last few years. These capacities include self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience and are collectively referred to as 'psychological capital'. Due to the importance of the role of individual's attitude towards work and due to dearth of studies on the Psychological capital in India, the present study was undertaken to find out the influence of positive psychological capital and work attitude on the work performance of ITES employees. The sample consisted of 147 individuals from reputed a ITES company in Chennai city. Convenient sampling procedure was used to collect data. Pearson's correlation, student t-test and ANOVA were the statistics used to analyze the data. Pages:1-6
Divya Dovina. T and S. Karunanidhi (Department of Psychology, University of Madras, Chennai) |
Pages:7-13 A. Suresh and K. Ramachandran (Scientist, Defence Institute of Psychological Research R & D Organization, Ministry of Defence, Delhi) Malar Jayachander (Counselling Psychologist, St.Stephen`s College University Enclave, Delhi ) Kundalini Yoga is a systematic method of arousing and meditating on Kundalini Shakthi. It is practiced to enhance life energy by transforming sexual energy is in to spiritual energy. Simplified Kundalini Yoga along with Meditation & physical exercises as an approach of health promotion enhances wellness and prevents illness. This study investigates the impact of Simplified Kundalini Yoga on cognitive performance, psychological wellbeing, health locus of control, emotional and social health among young adults. The sample (N=138) consists of school and college students. The subjects were divided in to four groups. Group -1 consists of Simplified Kundalini Yoga (School N=24 & College N=24), Group -2 consists of Simplified Kundalini Yoga with Simplified Physical Exercises, Meditation (School N=25 & College N=25), Group-3 is consists of Simplified Physical Exercises, Meditation (School N=25 & College N=25) and Group-4 is a Control Group (School N=25 & College N=24). The subjects were assessed on cognitive performance, psychological well-being, emotional and social health. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. The results indicated that intervention groups showed significant improvement in mid and post assessment on psychological well-being, internal locus of control, memory, sense of support and significant reduction in anxiety and anger. This study implies Simplified Kundalini Yoga as a comprehensive, holistic approach to health promotion. Pages:7-13
A. Suresh and K. Ramachandran (Scientist, Defence Institute of Psychological Research R & D Organization… |
Pages:14-21 Priyanka Kacker and Urmi Nanda Biswas (Department of Psychology, The M.S. University, Baroda, Gujarat) People living with HIV/AIDS have many psychosocial problems like anxiety, low self esteem, poor quality of life, lack of coping skills etc. To deal with such problems hypnotherapy can be used. Hypnosis a state of focused attention with heightened receptivity for acceptable suggestions. Very few researches have been done on subjective well being of people living with HIV/AIDS and people who are suffering with dermatitis. To study the effect of hypnotherapy on subjective well-being of people living with HIV+; total 180 HIV+ people were selected, 90 in control group and 90 in Experimental group. 16 sessions of 90 min each per subject was given. Pre and post testing was done using Nagpal Sell Subjective Well Being Instrument, before starting the intervention and after finishing the intervention respectively. After two months follow-up was done by conducting the test again. Subjective Well - Being of people living with HIV+ and people suffering from dermatitis improved after the therapeutic interventions. Hypnotherapy is very effective in improving Subjective Well - Being in which their general well being positive affect, Expectation achievement congruence, confidence in coping etc are increased in case of subjects under experimental group as compared to subjects under control groups. Pages:14-21
Priyanka Kacker and Urmi Nanda Biswas (Department of Psychology, The M.S. University, Baroda, Gujarat) |
Pages:22-25 Pallavi Tomar and Girishwar Mishra (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) The diagnosis of HIV has been associated with fears of isolation, stigma and rejection. Numerous factors surround the understanding of HIV and intensify the psychological stress associated with its diagnosis. The present study aims to explore the process of meaning making (as conceptualized by Park & Folkman, 1997) as a coping mechanism in HIV positive women. This qualitative study involved in-depth interviewing of six women participants diagnosed with HIV from Delhi, India. Data was thematically analyzed and reveals the presence of four overarching components: (i) an initial phase of appraisal, (ii) intervention from an external force or the strain from deteriorating circumstances that propelled the women into action, (iii) beginning of an exploration and (iv) process of reappraising the meaning of the situation. The narratives also reveal that the meaning making process facilitates psychological well-being and positive emotions. The results have implications for the health promotion of HIV infected people. Pages:22-25
Pallavi Tomar and Girishwar Mishra (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) |
Pages:26-31 Vandana Gambhir and N.K. Chadha (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) Increased attention to the understanding of middle adulthood over the past three decades through researches has portrayed midlife in two juxtaposed frameworks: Midlife as a time of “crisis” and Midlife as the “prime of life”. “Midlife crisis” is a media and literary staple term, implying that it is the time period of stress and difficulties brought about by turning 40. Reviews of many research studies have concluded that serious emotional disturbance and the intense period of turmoil is exception rather than rule for most middle-aged men (and women).In contrast, the alternative perspective that positive development and experiences accumulate in midlife is reported in scientific literature and academia. Considering the disjunction between the research concept of midlife and the contemporary folk belief, this paper broadly examines the psychological changes and experiences of midlife and how they are perceived. The paper contains different accounts of midlife, involving the psychological aspects of the self, relationships with friends and family, physical health, and the workplace. It starts with the brief introduction about the concept of midlife and reviews the variability in the perceived ages of onset and exit from midlife. A concise description of conceptual frameworks useful for studying the psychological health in middle age is presented. The research evidences of contrasting views of midlife as- a time of peak functioning and a period of crisis are reported. Findings demonstrating diverse patterns of psychological experiences of midlife in physical, psychological, social and career domains are reviewed. Psychological variables optimism, positive affect, resilience and social support- having a positive impact on health during middle age are highlighted. Pages:26-31
Vandana Gambhir and N.K. Chadha (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) |
Pages:32-38 Hithakshi. B. and S. Gayatri Devi (Department of Psychology, Avinashilingam Deemed University for Women, Coimbatore ) Nursing is an exciting, challenging adventure that will demand much of Nursing Students in terms of time and energy. As nursing is a discipline comprising knowledge from many related fields, students will be asked to think critically, synthesize information and then apply it to situations involving live people (Dewit, 2003). A variety of factors such as knowledge, explosion, increasing consumer demand has led to emergence of nursing as an independent profession by increasing demand on Nurses. Nursing holds a pivotal role in the multidisciplinary team of health care services. Persons entering the nursing profession are called upon thus to equip themselves with adequate competencies to move in pace with the advancement that occurs in the profession and the surrounding environment. A big group of the population in any city/country is that of students and the life of students is becoming more and more stressful. In this research 400 B.Sc. Nursing Students from Fr.Muller's Nursing College and Dr. M. V. Shetty College of Nursing, Mangalore, Karnataka were selected by Purposive Sampling. They were assessed using Case study Schedule (Hemalatha & Hithakshi, 2008), Stress Inventory (SI) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). The entire sample was divided into 13 batches of 30 to 32 subjects in each batch. Psychological Intervention called Positive Therapy (Hemalatha, 2004) was given to the subjects for 9 sessions, each session lasting for about one hour, over a period of 3 weeks on alternate days. After 3 weeks the entire subjects were reassessed using Case Study Reassessment Schedule, Stress Inventory and Beck's Depression Inventory. Follow-up was done after 6 months. After the intervention of Positive therapy, Stress and Depression was reduced significantly. There was statistically significant difference in Stress and Depression Before, After and Follow-up. Thus Positive Therapy was effective in the management of Stress and Depression. Pages:32-38
Hithakshi. B. and S. Gayatri Devi (Department of Psychology, Avinashilingam Deemed University for Women, Coimbatore… |
Pages:39-42 Sandhya Ojha and Pratima Kumari Maurya (Department of Psychology, Sri Agrasen Kanya P. G. College, Varanasi) A key requirement of resilience is the presence of both risks and promotive factors that either help bring about a positive outcome or reduce or avoid a negative outcome. It focuses on understanding healthy development in spite of risk exposure. A focus on individual resilience and adjustment adoption is important in communities vulnerable to highly disruptive and destructive hazard activity that can temporarily incapacitate institutional resources. When this disruption occurs, individuals will be responsible for their safety and well-being until institutional recourses recover. The major objective of the present study was to assess and compare the resilience and adjustment of adolescents. For this purpose was resilience scale by Annalakshmi (2011)and Adjustment Inventory (Asthana, 1988). was administered on 100 adolescents. Result reveals that there is no significant difference between boys and girls on resilience but significant difference found between boys and girls on the label of adjustment. Result further show the significant relationship between resilience and adjustment for boys and girls. Pages:39-42
Sandhya Ojha and Pratima Kumari Maurya (Department of Psychology, Sri Agrasen Kanya P. G. College… |
Pages:43-48 Bhavna Bawa and N. K. Chadha (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) The central message of Sikhism is contained in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, which compiles holy writings of Sikh gurus and other Indian saints. It is an attempt to explain complexity of life through simplicity of the omnipotent universal power. Sikhism, through its spiritual teachings, helps people make sense of events in their lives and cope better. This study aims at examining the effects of spiritualism on coping through the narratives of Sikh women. For this purpose 10 women were interviewed using semi- structured interviews. Their interviews were transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Grounded Theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1990, 2008). The results demonstrated that certain tenets of Sikhism like 'paath', 'sewa' act as a source of peace and comfort during distress by inducing positivity in the thought process. Through other concepts of Sikhism like, 'hukum', many women found solace by placing the results in god's hands. The results appear to confirm the conceptual link between spirituality and coping and can significantly contribute towards culturally enriching mental health professionals approach in India. Pages:43-48
Bhavna Bawa and N. K. Chadha (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) |
Pages:49-54 Reeta Sonawat and Mitali Kothari (Department of Human Development, S.N.D.T. Womens University, Juhu, Mumbai) The study is to find significant relations between rote/meaningful learning perspectives on Mathematics of 51 primary school teachers and the learning happening in 145 children. The variables taken under consideration for this study were the type of schools (aided or unaided) and experience of teachers. The tools formulated for the study were questionnaires for teachers and activities for children of grade I, II and III that measured rote learning and meaningful learning in Mathematics. Through t tests and ANOVA, results were found that there was significant difference between meaningful learning perspectives of aided and unaided primary school teachers; meaningful learning of children at different grades in aided schools; rote learning of children at different grades in unaided schools; meaningful learning of children at different grades in unaided schools; teachers' rote/meaningful learning perspectives and children's rote/ meaningful learning in mathematics. There was no significant difference found in rote learning perspectives of aided and unaided primary school teachers; the perceptions of primary school teachers on rote learning and meaningful learning with respect to their years of experience and rote learning of children at different grades in aided schools. A pattern of learning derived that showed the change from rote to meaningful learning in children of primary schools. Pages:49-54
Reeta Sonawat and Mitali Kothari (Department of Human Development, S.N.D.T. Womens University, Juhu, Mumbai) |
Pages:55-59 Eisha Gohil (Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir) Ruby Charak (Department of Developmental Psychology VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Ageing is a biological reality and in many developing countries it is seen to begin at a point when active contribution is no longer possible. While some dimensions of ageing grow and expand overtime, others decline. The present study aimed to assess how gender and type of residence affect meaning in life, life satisfaction and positive and negative affect in older adults. Sample encompassed 100 participants (27 female & 23 male old-age home inmates, 30 female and 20 male residing at home) in the age range of 60-105 years from Jammu. The objective of the study was to measure the main and interaction effect of gender and type of residence on the dimensions of meaning in life, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect by using MANOVA. Results indicated significant main effects of gender and type of residence on the presence of meaning in life, life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. No interaction effect was found. One-way ANOVA revealed that main effect of gender was due to negative affect (higher in males) and effect of type of residence was due to presence of meaning, life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect. Pages:55-59
Eisha Gohil (Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir)
Ruby Charak (Department of… |
Pages:60-64 Madhurima Pradhan (Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow) Psychologists are trying to help people to actualize their potentialities of becoming happy and satisfied within the range of possibilities available in their respective cultures. Positive Psychologists have proposed the revolutionary ideas of focusing on human strengths and virtues in place of emotional problems and mental illnesses to improve well being of people. But when we look at the objectives of Positive Psychology in the context of our Indian heritage, certain questions arise in our minds and we find some important things missing. Investigations from a culturally rooted perspective tend to show that many Western concepts lack experiential validity in other cultures. This implies that the search for universal and identical psychological phenomena or processes (e.g. self, happiness, mortality, well-being etc.) is not viable. Instead we have to consider the varying socio-cultural contexts determining the construal of self which provides an interpretative framework shaping the way a given sociocultural group engages in thinking, feeling and acting. Positivism which is a positive orientation towards life goes beyond the premise of Positive Psychology incorporating different perspectives based on Indian heritage. Useful insights from Indian scriptures may help in accepting and understanding all hurdles, disappointments and worries of daily living. In place of relying on false smiles and pleasures, they guide us towards the ways to achieve equanimity of mind, upliftment of consciousness, spirituality, righteousness and control over senses and intellect. Therefore, Positivism is a path to eradicate negativity with full awareness and understanding making the dream of authentic happiness come true. Pages:60-64
Madhurima Pradhan (Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow) |
Pages:65-69 Bhakti Devi Pandit, Triveni Raina and Shobhana C. Abhyankar (Department of Psychology, Fergusson College, Pune) This paper examines male and female adolescents' current problems, broadly divided in four categories: home, school, social and self and studies the gender differences. It also studies the relationship of emotional intelligence with adolescent problems. It was hypothesized that emotional intelligence will be inversely correlated with youth problems and male adolescents and female adolescents will not differ significantly on family problems, school/college problems, social problems and personal problems. To test these hypotheses, an incidental sample of 77 males and 59 female (n=136) students (age- 16 to 21 yrs) were administered with Verma's Youth Problem Inventory (YPI) and Chaddha's Emotional Intelligence Test (EIT). The data were analyzed using the Pearson product moment correlation, point bi-serial correlation, multivariate stepwise regression analysis and the independent samples t-test. It was found that gender and adolescent problems were negatively correlated (rp,bis = -.34, p<.01), thereby implying that female students experience less problems than male students. Emotional intelligence (EI) was also negatively correlated with youth problems (r = -.29, p<.01), indicating that as EI increases, youth problems decrease. Gender was a stronger predictor for youth problems than emotional intelligence. The results are discussed in the light of the present Indian scenario about the youth. Pages:65-69
Bhakti Devi Pandit, Triveni Raina and Shobhana C. Abhyankar (Department of Psychology, Fergusson College, Pune) |
Pages:70-75 Vandana Kapur (Consultant Clinical Psychologist, VIMHANS, New Delhi) The study examines the differences between optimistic and pessimistic mastectomy patients in their experience of benefit-finding, positive affect, negative affect and spirituality during the breast cancer and mastectomy experience. A sample of 36 female mastectomy patients ranging in age from 40 60 years participated in the study. The participant's level of optimism and pessimism was assessed using the Life Orientation Scale Revised (Scheier, Carver & Bridges, 1994), the Benefit Finding scale (Tomich & Helgeson, 2004) measured the level of benefit-finding, PANAS (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988) assessed the participant's level of positive affect and negative affect and spirituality respectively while The Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (Underwood, Lynn & Teresi, 2002) assessed spirituality. The results indicated that optimistic participants reported higher amount of benefit-finding, experienced more of positive affect and less of negative affect and reported of higher levels of spirituality in the mastectomy experience as compared to pessimistic participants who reported more of negative affect and lower amount of benefit-finding, positive affect and spirituality. On the basis of the findings of the study, it is suggested that psychological treatment in terms of cognitive behavior therapy should be included as part of the breast cancer treatment program to enhance optimistic thinking pattern thereby enhancing other positive outcomes of benefit-finding, and positive affect. Pages:70-75
Vandana Kapur (Consultant Clinical Psychologist, VIMHANS, New Delhi) |
Pages:76-81 Nabamita Chakraborty and Sanjukta Das (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata) The present study was meant to be an exploration of the cognitive and personality features that might affect the psychological resilience of the high functioning young population. The study examined the roles of masculinity, femininity cognitive errors and metacognition on the resilient worldview of male and female students of post-graduation, aged 21 -25 years. A total of 187 students were investigated, of which 94 were male and 93 were female. The participants were chosen from a Hindu, Bengali background and all were required to complete a personal information schedule, the Inventory of Positive Psychological Attitudes (IPPA), (Kass,1985-86), the Indian Gender Role Identity Scale (Basu, 2010), the Cognitive Error Questionnaire (Lefebvre,1981), and the Self-Assessment Questionnaire (O'Neill & Abedi, 1992). The obtained data were analyzed using parametric statistics. Results revealed that males and females did not differ significantly in their psychological resilience. The high and low resilient females differ significantly in their masculinity and certain aspects of cognitive errors and metacognition .Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis reveals that in case of males, masculinity, overgeneralization, and awareness were found to be contributory variables in their resilience. For females, only masculinity was found to be contributory to their resilience .Psychological explanations of the above findings have been given and implications mentioned. Pages:76-81
Nabamita Chakraborty and Sanjukta Das (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata) |
Pages:82-86 Nirmala Singh Rathore (Research Scholar, Department of Psychology University of Rajasthan, Jaipur) Mahesh Kumar Choudhary (Department of Mechanical Engineering Rajasthan Technical University, Kota) Man being a social animal needs to participate in social life for which he needs a role and the role implies physical energy, the source of which is a healthy body. Health can be viewed as a state where a reserve of positive emotions, strengths and experiences are build up in order to enable the individual to deal with adverse situations sufferings and illness. Healthy mind is required to govern and appreciate ones social action, to maintain mental peace and self-confidence. Health and well-being are important factors as it affects almost every single aspect of life and determines what activities or tasks one emerges in or not, and the likelihood of which tasks or activities one is able to complete successfully. In this contemporary world people are facing and increasing number of chronic psychological and other stressors that impinge on their overall health, well-being and quality of life. To avoid most of the stresses one must try to attain peace of mind and body, which may be possible with the help of yoga exercises. The present research makes an attempt to ascertain the impact of yoga on the subjective well being and stress. The sample of 30 males and 30 females were selected purposefully. The present research takes into consideration the two psychological tests perceived stress scale and Subjective Well-being Scale. The positive impact of yoga exercises has been found on the variables subjective well-being and stress. Pages:82-86
Nirmala Singh Rathore (Research Scholar, Department of Psychology University of Rajasthan, Jaipur)
Mahesh Kumar Choudhary (Department… |
Pages:87-95 S.K. Srivastava and Kailash Chandra Barmola (Department of Psychology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, U.K.) The present study is an attempt to know the importance of rituals of Hindu's in spirituality. Spiritual psychology is the study of the unity of the spirit, the mind and the body manifest in the human context. It serves as the bridge to connect the otherwise disparate realms of personal and transpersonal, the secular and the sacred, the normal and the paranormal. Hinduism is a collective term applied to the many philosophical and religious traditions native to India. Hinduism has neither a specific moment of origin nor a specific founder. Rather, the tradition understands itself to be timeless, having always existed. Indeed, its collection of sacred texts is known, as a whole, as Sanatana Dharma, The Eternal Teaching. It is thus a complex tradition that encompasses numerous interrelated religious doctrines and practices that have some common characteristics but which lack any unified system of beliefs and practices. A ritual is a set of actions, performed mainly for their symbolic value. It may be prescribed by a religion or by the traditions of a community. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of rituals of Hindu's in relation to spirituality. This is done through analysis of various studies and articles on present study. At last this study concludes that rituals which are followed by Hindu's lead to spirituality and how it may help to adjust and transform of the ego, understand psychic phenomena, maintain health and wellness, the effect of distant prayer and relation between science and Spirituality. It may be applied to different mental disorder like schizophrenia, depression, mania, anxiety and personality disorder etc. Pages:87-95
S.K. Srivastava and Kailash Chandra Barmola (Department of Psychology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, U.K.) |
Pages:96-98 Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, C.C.S.University, Meerut) Anshu Agarwal (P.D.F. Holder (ICSSR), Delhi) The purpose of the present study was to study the impact of mantra chanting on stress coping strategies. For this purpose two types of coping strategies, approach coping and avoidance coping were measured with the help of “coping Strategies Scale” constructed by Shrivastav. Two Independent variables were studied i.e. Mantra chanting and Gender. The sample consisted of 80 subjects (35- 50 years). A 2x2 factorial design was used. Two way ANOVA was applied for analyzing the data. On the basis of obtained results it was found that mantra chanting is an influencing factor for coping strategies. People, who chant a mantra regularly, use more approach coping strategies than those, who do not chant a mantra. While people who do not chant a mantra regularly, they use avoidance coping strategies more than those people who chant mantra regularly. The effect of gender on coping strategies is not found significant. Pages:96-98
Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, C.C.S.University, Meerut)
Anshu Agarwal (P.D.F. Holder (ICSSR), Delhi) |
Pages:99-102 Bharti Sharma (Clinical Psychologist, Shri Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, Gujrat) The present study aimed at studying the impact of changeover from single sex education to mixed sex settings on psychological functioning of college going girls.A purposive sample of 100 girls(50 from co-educational and 50 from non co-educational schools)were drawn from different co educational colleges.In order to measure the selected dimensions,three standardized tests have been used-The Adjustment inventory for college students,self efficacy scale and Bem sex role inventory.Findings revealed that the most of the girls from co-educational schools had androgynous typed personality and scored higher on self efficacy and their adjustment patterns were better as compared to the girls from non co-educational schools. Pages:99-102
Bharti Sharma (Clinical Psychologist, Shri Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, Gujrat) |
Pages:103-110 Akanksha Srivastava and Ram Kalap Tiwari (Department of Psychology, K. S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad, U.P.) The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between adolescent's media usage (television, computer, &cell phone) and their mental health and well- being. It was assumed that adolescent's use of media (television, computer &cell phone) have significant collision on their mental health and well-being. The study was conducted in Faizabad and Lucknow cities using a cross sectional analytical design. A sample of 200 adolescents was carried out from intermediate colleges of both cities. Data was collected using three tools devised specifically for the study. Results indicated that 90% of adolescents reported having television, computer, &cell phone at their home. There was a statistically significant relation between excessive media use (television, computer, & cell phone) and mental health and well-being of the adolescents. Excessive use of these medium affected negatively all dimensions of mental health and wellbeing of the adolescents. Heavy media users felt more emotionally unstable, less self-confident, minimum sociability and unhappiness in their daily activities. They also showed high inadequacy, depressive activities, high level of anger and tension in their routine work. The findings point to the importance of giving more emphasis to research in the area of media usage among Indian adolescents and its consequence. Pages:103-110
Akanksha Srivastava and Ram Kalap Tiwari (Department of Psychology, K. S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya… |
Pages:111-114 Ameen Abdulla (Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Kerala) Children differ in a variety of ways and behave differently in different situations. Amongst various disorders a common form of disorder is “Conduct Disorder”. The most important features of these behaviours are the repetitive and persistent pattern. With these behaviours the basic rights of others are violated and major age appropriate social norms or rules are violated. The conduct disordered behaviour falls into four major groupings according to DSM-IV. They are aggressive behaviours that cause physical harm to humans as well as animals; non-aggressive behaviours that cause property loss or damage; deceitfulness or theft and; violation of major rules. The present paper tries to study the attitude of the conduct disordered children towards their academic performance. The study is conducted on 20 children who were diagnosed as having conduct disorder by clinical psychologists. The results show that the conduct disordered children find it difficult to go with the pace of the class and lack certain skills that enable them to live in harmony with the society. It is to be seen that if proper interventions are given to the conduct disordered children particularly in the younger ages, it may help them to be academically better thereby, help them desist from doing anything wrong. Pages:111-114
Ameen Abdulla (Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Kerala) |