IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
Filters Sort results
Reset Apply
Pages: 594-597 Work can give an individual purpose and motivation in life. But for many people, the workplace is a highly stressful environment and this means it can be a damaging place for their mental health. The importance of psychological well-being at workplace has grown over the last two or three decades as there has been a shift from physical to psychological sources of pressure at work. An economy in a downward spiral, rising unemployment, anxieties about future job loss, lack of access to affordable health care, a crisis in the financial industry and declining consumer confidence are among some of the challenges creating significant stress in the lives of workers and their families. Much can be done to improve and sustain psychological well-being at work and there are many possible approaches that can be taken. Usually, employer action in this domain has focused on supporting individuals to cope better or to return to health/work when they have suffered a health problem. While these interventions are undoubtedly important, they do not change the working environment (create 'good work'/remove 'bad work') and are largely focused on reducing the ill-health of a subgroup within the workforce, rather than improving the psychological well-being of everyone in the organization. Positive workplace fosters employee health and psychological well-being while enhancing organizational performance and productivity. It is the purpose of this paper to explore 1) the conceptual framework and characteristics of positive workplace 2) Positive approaches to the workplace (PERMA Model, Performance-Happiness Model, Strengths-Based Approach, Positive Psychological capital, Positive Organizational Scholarship, Appreciative Inquiry, Positive Organizational Behavior and Positive Leadership) 3) Ways to create a positive workplace 4) Benefits of a positive workplace. |
Pages: 598-602 Perhaps the reason why people have been overlooked or understudied in the area of organizational agility is because new organizational forms and relationships defy descriptions with traditional words, phrases and concepts. While they are still useful, they may not always fit with contemporary organizational developments. The importance of organizational agility is understood in today's fierce, competitive and fast changing markets and there is no option for the organizations but to adapt to changes and be the best in the market if they aim to be at the top of their game. This paper discusses about agility and the important factors associated with it along with the importance of having agile workplaces and leaders. |
Pages: 603-605 The Iranian perspective document, which runs until the fifth program And the horizon of the development of Iran until the year 1404 is Solar, is one of the most important documents and programs that follow the main lines and the course of the country's journey with specific goals, political, economic and cultural. In this paper, the most important question is that what are the main pivotal values and the prospects for sports development in the Strategic Plans of the Ministry of Sports and Youth on the basis of the Perspective of Iran 1404? The author believes in his hypothesis: In the field of sport, the most important areas of the Ministry of Sports and Youth are: Identification and establishment of the value engineering system in the governing bodies of the country's sport, explaining and setting the ethics of the country's sports community within the framework of Islamic discourse and strengthening moral virtues, morale Faith, self-sacrifice and hope for the future. In the youth field: solving the problems of young people and promoting the growth of the young generation of the country along with the optimal use of the talents and abilities of the young generation along with organizing the leisure activities of the younger generation in accordance with the requirements of the young age in order to build the country and eliminate the cultural and social deprivation of youth in the regions. Urban and rural is one of the most important axes of Iran in 1404. |
Pages: 606-610 In today's world, the word “smart” is the buzz word which attracts the attention of every one of all generations and ages. But are we aware of the term and the inherent features of a “Smart City” in the real sense. The perception of the concept of a smart city varies from person to person, city to city, country to country (developed/developing/under-developed) taking into consideration the requirements of the area/region, the necessary change/development to be done, financial position of the country/state/city and the resources available. Thus, the degree of smartness varies accordingly. The urban planners adopted a comprehensive approach of development represented by the four pillars covering-institutional, physical, social and economic infrastructure. In general, the various features of a smart city should incorporate the following: welcoming entry to a city with a master plan displayed, well planned infrastructure providing connectivity of all major areas including effective Public transportation system, proper sewerage and drainage system, smart garbage disposal, adequate health, education and employment, adequate housing, less congestion and pollution, sufficient open spaces such as parks, playgrounds and recreational spaces, digitalization of all services to make administration citizen-friendly, speedy services with proper feedback system, efficient disaster management, Cleanliness and hygiene, emergency services like ambulance, fire brigades etc, adequate water and power supply, safety and security, proper signage boards and so on. Whether rich or poor, young or old, rural or urban or belonging to any religion, the need for growth and development is the ambition of all. Everyone desires to live a quality life with access to all basic amenities-Food, clothing and shelter. But with the changing times, the needs are growing and expanding at a fast rate to face the challenges and issues of the modern world. Though the word “smart” is not a new concept, but to match the modern life style in relation to the available resources, needs and a vision to develop, the dimensions of smartness are extending to new heights. |
Pages: 611-613 Insomnia is a condition wherein a person has problems regarding his/her patterns of sleep. Falling asleep, being unable to remain asleep are examples of disrupted sleep patterns. Some insomniacs have trouble falling asleep and remaining asleep. The subject must also suffer some degree of impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of daytime functioning such as “tiredness, lack of energy, difficulty concentrating, and irritability”. In this study we have assessed the general health among insomniacs. For this we took a sample of 200 people, 100 control group and 100 insomniacs and applied GHQ-12 to assess general health. The result shows that Insomnia had a significant effect on General Health. Health and insomnia are often linked. Lack of sleep often ends up making people feel exhausted and fatigued and, as a result of chronic exhaustion or fatigue, people start slipping into unhealthy patterns of living. Therefore, both general health and insomnia seem to work together and take a huge physical and psychological toll on people going through these conditions. Compared with 'good sleepers', 'poor sleepers' had lower health in all domains. |
Pages: 614-618 Rural industry has suffered a tremendous setback in the post Independence period to changed fiscal scenario in villages and small township spatial entities. Reforms like demonetization and various economic schemes percolating to the village level have made specific impact on the lives of rural populations as compared to urban. The women have been made to bear the worst of the brunt because they have already been burdened by the lee-ward shadow of illiteracy, unequal wages, unwanted, undesirable reproductiveity and further the bane of invisibility. This paper looks at the choices available to rural women of Bijnor district by conducting a survey of 100 village women to obtain their views on the changed fiscal scenario in the past one year. The methodology was of empirical quasi-participant research and the basic statistical tools of analysis were applied to arrive at the conclusions presented. |
Pages: 619-621 Sport belongs to all human beings. It is unique to the human species. Like humans, other animals engage in play. But only the human species takes part in sport. We are the only ones on earth who set up barriers and try to jump over them to see who can get to the finish line first. We are the only ones who compete for the absolute satisfaction of winning. It has been a long road to equality for women at the Olympic Games, and it is still continuing. Aside from the digital revolution, the rapid rise in the importance and value of female athletes has been one of the most distinctive shifts in the sports marketing landscape in the last 50 years. We now see the young women growing up with a much higher chance of developing an interest in sport, and female sporting celebrities providing role models who are closing the gap with non-sport celebrities and their male counterparts. This paper presents an overview of three topics related to gender equity and sports. These topics include (1) history of gender equity in sports, (2) gender equity issues in athletics; (3) gender equity in sports participation. |
Pages: 622-625 Agricultural economy of Haryana has undergone significant transformation since 1990s which is quite evident from diversification of crops and pursuance of new agricultural activities. Poultry eggs and meat are critical well springs of brilliant proteins minerals and vitamins to adjust the human eating routine. Uniquely created types of egg sort chicken are currently accessible with qualities of fast development and rapid change effectiveness. Contingent upon the homestead measure, layer (for egg) cultivating can be fundamental wellspring of family salary or can give auxiliary wage and profitable job to rancher consistently. Also, poultry compost has high manure esteem and can be utilized for expanding yield of all harvests (National Agribusiness & Provincial Improvement, 2007). In the present study an attempt has been made to analyses the socio-economic attributes of layer farmers in Haryana state. The study in light of essential information and the information was gathered amid the period from June to September from 2016. In this study there are a few elements like: rank, Education, responsibility for and dispersion of homesteads and so forth to speak to financial traits of layer cultivating. Landownership holding size of agribusiness is a noteworthy considers choosing the measure of the layer develops similarly as secured locale. The share of upper rank among proprietors of layer estate is 63 percent. It is clear from the study that a large portion of the layer ranchers have a place with little and medium agriculturists. The study found that there is an interrelationship between the instruction and poultry business that is the reason with advanced education foundation agriculturists began and extended the layer ranches. The upper station agriculturists are in charge of beginning, most recent two decade out of aggregate ranches upper standing are in charge of building up amid about 85 percent ranches 1996 to 2016. |
Pages: 626-628 Rajasthan which is ecologically a fragile, dry land state with many problems facing its development. In fact there is a very thin line between 'environment' and 'development'. Therefore, it is important that for sustainable development and restoration of ecological balance, all policies of the agriculture sector must be critically examined from the view of their ecological long term impact. Many such policies run contrary to the 'development' goals and affect ecosystems due to unsustainable interventions. |
Pages: 629-638 Empowerment is the catchword of development pundits the world over. This is especially so in the context of uplifting the socio-economic levels of the women of marginalized sections of northern India. The work participation of women is generally a very ignored and invisible port of the country's economy even though in a real time analysis it may well form its backbone. Many of the initiatives taken up to ameliorate the lot of the women have failed because these women had no share in the fruits of their labour. They hardly ever had any money in their hands. They had no purchasing power and virtually no decision making power either. The financial inclusion initiatives like Self Help Groups (SHGs) and micro Finance Institution (MFIs) through apex agencies like NABARD were provided to include these persons at the bottom of the development pyramid and consequently had far reaching implications. The author examines the genesis of these financial inclusion overtures to ascertain the actual gains made at the ground level not only in terms of economic empowerment of these rural women but also the incremental gains attained in improving their overall social status. This paper is being presented as a part of a forthcoming comprehensive book on the subject of Self Help Groups in North India. |
Pages: 639-644 Suicide is one of the growing and problematic mental health issues. It is a result of a completely multi factorial phenomenon, such as clinical, social, and economic, etc... Mental sickness stands an undeniable vulnerability factor for suicide worldwide as well as in Asia. India is one of the major contributors to mortality due to suicide in world. This study intended to review suicide and one of its major risk factor mental illness, it demonstrate the epidemiology, trend and scenario of suicide in India. the literature databases used for this study including some data sets as, suicides due to mental illness in India reported by government of India from 1967 to 2014 and second from same resource but from 1995 to 2014. The third data set is including other research studies pertaining to Suicide and Mental Illness in India, which were surveyed through electronic sources: PubMed, National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Accidental Death and Suicide in India (ADSI), NAMI, World Health Organization (WHO), EBSCO, J-store, and NCBI, US National Library of Medicine were searched. Suicide in India has an increasing trend, particularly among women, young, married and uneducated people. Mental illness plays a crucial role in resulting suicide, which could be a result of psycho-social phenomenon, for instance low socioeconomic, gender dominance and challenging priorities factors. The findings of this review stress the necessitate for further studies to identify population at high risk for suicide and mental illness as the first step towards development and to reduce the suicide rate and promote well being. Clearly need to take the contextual issues of socioeconomic, psychological, and facilities into account for developing country. These evidences could be valuable for future research, policy making, and treatment determinations targeted at understanding and preventing suicide. |
Pages: 645-649 Diabetes is a chronic serious metabolic disease, common worldwide. The prevalence is increasing rapidly and the number of affected people is expected to be around 366 million by the year 2030. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in our country. Diabetes is a chronic disease without a cure; however, with proper management and treatment, diabetics can live normal, healthy lives. In the present research an attempt was made to study the relationship between happiness and life-satisfaction among insulin dependent and non-dependent diabetic patients. The study was carried on by formulating hypotheses that (a) - Insulin dependent and non-dependent diabetic patients would differ significantly in terms of their happiness. (b)- Insulin dependent and non-dependent diabetic patients would differ significantly in terms of their life-satisfaction. (c)- Happiness would be positively correlated with life-satisfaction among insulin dependent and non-dependent diabetic patients. For empirical verification of these three hypotheses a study was conducted on a sample of 100 diabetic patients (50 insulin dependent and 50 non-dependent diabetic patients) from Indira Gandhi institute of cardiology (IGIC) Patna by employing incidental sampling technique. Their age ranged from 45-55 years. They were matched as far as possible in other respects. Oxford happiness scale developed by Michael Argyle and Peter Hills (Oxford University) was used for measuring happiness. Life satisfaction scale developed by Ashok Pratap Singh (Department of psychology) Banaras Hindu University was applied to check the life satisfaction of insulin dependent and non-dependent diabetic patients. For the analysis of the obtained scores t-ratio and co-efficient of correlation were computed. The findings on the whole indicated that there is not any significant difference between the happiness and life satisfaction among insulin dependent and non-dependent diabetic patients. Insulin dependent and non-dependent diabetic patients do not differ significantly in terms of their happiness and life-satisfaction. Happiness is positively correlated with life-satisfaction among insulin dependent and non-dependent diabetic patients. The findings of the present research reveal that happiness is the predictor of life satisfaction. It plays an important role in improving the quality of life among diabetic patients. |
Pages: 650-653 Aptitude is a condition or set of characteristics regarded as symptomatic of an individual's ability to acquire with training some usually specified knowledge, skill and set of responses. Aptitude tests in today's competitive world; it helps school students throughout their lives and has a really huge impact on their outlook towards life. This study is taken on school students to know their potential so that it helps them in choosing their career and to select the different streams for their future. Hence the study was undertaken with objectives to know the aptitude of urban and rural school students and to know the differences on aptitude dimensions. The samples were selected from two urban and two rural schools among which were 40 urban and 40 rural school students were randomly selected from 9th and 10th standards. The data was collected using differential aptitude testing developed by Bennett et al. (1993) on verbal reasoning, numerical ability, abstract reasoning, mechanical reasoning and scholastic aptitude. The results indicated that significant difference was observed between urban and rural school student. Among urban group most of the students belonged to high level of aptitude dimensions like verbal reasoning, numerical ability, abstract reasoning, mechanical reasoning and scholastic aptitude. There was significant difference between boys and girls with dimensions of aptitude among rural and urban school students. |
Pages: 654-656 Present research aims to study the processing speed index of children at metropolitan city (Gurgaon- sea level) and remote area (Ladakh- very high altitude ). It has been hypothesised that there will be significant difference in the processing speed index of children residing at metropolitan city and remote area. For this purpose processing speed index of 30 students is assessed with the help of Coding performance subtests of Malin's intelligence battery (an Indian adaptation of Weischler's Intelligence battery). 15 students from a public school from a metropolitan city are assessed on coding subtest and same procedure is replicated in remote area of Ladakh. Result findings reveal a significant difference (p=<0.01,t=3.12) in the mean of processing speed index at metropolitan city (Gurgaon-sea level) and remote area (Ladakh-very high altitude). It shows that the processing speed index in children residing in metro city is more than the children of remote area. |
Pages: 657-662 Introduction of the land reforms, adoption of scientific technologies, opening of agricultural production to the global market has resulted in a shift of agriculture from being predominantly based on food grain production to cash crop and horticultural production in the recent times. The growth-led story of Indian agriculture does not touch upon the fact that the caste and class inequality continues galore in the rural economy. Agrarian structure has transformed from being based on the age-old 'master-serf' or 'patron-client' relation to one that is based on 'profit-making' incentive, where the agricultural and landless labourers are no more tied to the landlords or the landowners. Persistence of social inequality is seen from the fact that the small and marginal farmers and landless and agricultural labourers who traditionally belonged to the lower castes continue to remain economically deprived and most often fall in debt-trap in order to increase production levels. With the help of several field studies, I have showed in the paper that introduction of the Bt technology, introduction of the new seed varieties and patenting policies and increase in the local power lobbies has affected the development in the agrarian sector and has not done much to change the social milieu of the rural economy. I also show that much of the profit gained from agricultural growth is enjoyed by the big farmers and large landholders who traditionally belong to the upper castes or the dominant landed castes and also dominate the local power structure in the rural areas. |
Pages: 663-668 A sample of 100 female workers (50 were domestic workers &50 belonging to self employed groups) was selected for the present study. The variables selected for the study were anxiety (both state & trait) and anger expression. Results revealed interesting findings that significant differences were found only in case of anxiety, anger out and anger temperament. Basically the insecurity regarding job status and flow of wage structure at the end of month made these two subsamples distant from each other. Due to excessive conflict and pressure of family domestic female workers sometimes were abounding to suppress their feelings and hence becomes the worst victim of anxiety. Self employed individuals though suffer from inadequacy feelings but due to better economic homeostasis able to manifest their anger when needed as a result may develop comparatively better personality pattern. |
Pages: 669-671 Physical property of control and treated samples were tested to analyze the effect of karanja extracts on the samples. The fabric samples were conditioned. Samples were cut from scoured cotton fabric with 54 warp yarns (ends) and weft yarns (picks) per inch were (ASTM 123 test method) and sample size were 2"×2". The tests were performed for different types of samples viz. control (scoured), samples treated with leaves and seed extracts in viscous and dry state; and samples treated with an antiseptic containing chloroxylenol. The samples were subjected to test for bulk (cm3/gm) physical property test. It was concluded that as the concentration of extract increased, bulk of all treated samples (including standard) also increased significantly. A significant percentage increase in bulk was observed in all treated samples as compared to the control sample at 1% level of significance. |
Pages: 672-674 Modern era is an era of advance technology. Human agency is key, because the technological effects depend upon how people decide to use it. In the contemporary digital world, the millennial can never think of the world without the internet, consequently youngsters invest more efforts to be in touch with their closer ties and thus reap maximum benefits while interacting with others. They feel happy and empowered while living in a virtual world. With these notions in mind the present researcher decided to conduct a study to highlight the level of happiness and internet usage among adolescents and to explore the relationship between these two variables while controlling other confounding variables (such as socio-economic factors) leading to happiness. A purposive sample of 60 adolescents, 13-18 years old both male and female was drawn from schools of Rohtak city, Haryana (India). Their happiness level was measured by Argyle et al. questionnaire of Oxford Happiness and internet usage was assessed by Young's Internet Addiction test. The levels of happiness and internet usage were analyzed by computing descriptive statistics and their correlation was found by using Pearson r. The findings and their implications have been discussed in the paper. |
Pages: 675-682 The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and gender differences in consumption of cyber pornography among adolescent pupils. This study was conducted using a representative sample of 344 (172 males & 172 females) adolescent pupils (aged 15-18 years). Cyber pornography use inventory (CPUI) was used to get the data from the sample. Descriptive statistics and t-test were used to analyze the data. Results of the study revealed that a large number of adolescent pupils (82.7%) consumed cyber pornography and there existed significant gender differences between male and female adolescent pupils in context of cyber pornography consumption. Results also revealed that male adolescent pupils were more likely to consume cyber pornography in comparison to female adolescent pupils. |
Pages: 683-685 Haryana, from being a food deficit state in 1966, at the time of its inception, has now emerged as a major contributor to the national pool of food grains. The development of agriculture in Haryana is very closely associated with the expansion of irrigation and introduction of modern agriculture technology. Agriculture occupies the most prominent position in the state's economy as it is providing livelihood for more than 75 percent of the state's population. India is predominantly an agriculture oriented country where about 70 percent of population lives in villages and is actively engaged in diverse agricultural pursuits. Since 1990s the agricultural activities in the state are getting diversified. Poultry is emerging as an important economic activity in rural areas. Poultry is well known to the village farmers since time immemorial. The present study has utilized the secondary data collected from the office of Animal Husbandry and Dairying Department of Haryana. In this study reveals that egg production of Haryana state is continuously increase. The district wise analysis shows that highest eggs are produced in Panchkula district i.e. 37 percent of total egg production of Haryana state. On the other hand, Jind, Ambala, Sonipal, Karnal, and Yamunanagar districts also contributes significant amount of egg production in the state. Faridabad, Palwal, Rewari, Sirsa, Mewat, and M/ Garh districts have very low eggs production in the state. |
Pages: 686-688 Humans are at core social beings whose survival depends on interactions with others. The powerful communication depends on one's body language, tone and mirror neurons, which are no doubt conspicuously missing during digital interaction. Such electronic interactions don't carry the same emotional weight as a face to face tangible interaction. The most adverse effect of digital revolution can be seen on teenager's “Empathy Map'', whose level of empathy is dropping at fast pace since last two decades. They are being converted from human teens to cyber teens. With this changing scenario, the present study is an attempt to explore the levels of empathy, sympathy and internet usage among teenagers and further to find out the relation of empathy and sympathy with internet usage. A purposive sample of 60 teenagers both male and female aged 13-18 years old from various school of Rohtak city, Haryana (India) was drawn. Their empathy and sympathy were measured by using Vossen et al. test of Adolescent Measure of Empathy and Sympathy and internet usage was assessed by Young's Internet Addiction test. Descriptive and correlational statistics were computed to find out the levels of empathy sympathy and internet usage and the correlation of empathy- sympathy with internet usage respectively. The results have been discussed in detail in the research paper. |
Pages: 689-692 Our sense of right and wrong is one of the distinct advantages human beings carry as a result of evolution. Sigmund Freud stated that superego, the center of morality, is one of the three parts of human mind. The other two being ego and id. Freud believed that its elderly in the family who develop superego among their children by teaching them what is right and wrong in practical life. Sex is often regarded as a basic need besides hunger and thirst. Unquestionably, we share sexual needs, among other primary needs, with lower animals. But as a result of nature's advantage bestowed upon human beings, their brain is far more developed in important areas of functioning like, decision making, reasoning, selection, problem solving and creativity. In addition to all these higher order mental functions, humans are good in perceiving right from wrong things. This ability is also called moral ability. The present paper discusses the nature of morality from social perspective and its relation with a heinous crime like rape. Some of the ideas of morality given by great thinkers like Durkheim are discussed while the possibility of controlling increasing incidents of rape in India is also discussed. |
Pages: 693-697 India has passed a number of constitutional protections and laws on child labour, before and after its independence from colonial rule. The Constitution of India in the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy prohibits child labour below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine, restaurant or engagement in any other hazardous employment. But every form of child labour including ragpicking is prevalent in almost all the regions of the country. The practice of child ragpicking is a worst form of child labour that has not been duly recognized by law makers in India. Therefore, the present study aims at the investigation of the legislative provisions for child labour in India with special reference to child ragpicking thereof. |
Pages: 698-702 Psychologist and researchers give many definitions and explore the concept of forgiveness. Forgiveness is distinct from other ways of dealing with personal insults or injury. Forgiveness is not condoning, excusing, exonerating, justifying, or pardoning an offender (Enright, 2001; Worthington, Witvliet, Pietrini, & Miller, 2007). Neither is forgiveness the same as reconciling a damaged relationship or restoring offenders to their former status (Sutton, 2010). In such a backdrop this review are under taken there themes. Forgiveness: effects, benefits, forgiveness and stress, coping mechanisms, physiological changes and health. Review indicate that forgivingness related to levels of stress, well-being, and depression (Lawler-Row & Piferi, 2006) and it helpful in the treatment of disorders such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse, disorders of childhood, eating disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, and marital and family dysfunction. Further forgiveness has been hypothesized to be an emotion-focused coping strategy. It has been found to reduce anger and hostility (Al-Mabuk et al., 1995). |
Pages: 703-705 Layallpur was named after Sir James Broadwood Lyall (1887-1892) Lieutinant-Governor of Punjab. It was founded in 1892 as a market town and became the headquarters of the Lower Chanab colony, about 140 Km from Lahore. It was, and is, the headquarters of Layallpur district in the Sargodha division of Pakistan. In 1961 its population was 425, 248. Situated in the midst of a cotton, wheat and sugarcane producing area, Layallpur has grown into an important centre for textile, hosiery and flour milling industries. It is fondly called Manchester of area. Other chief products are vegetable oil, soap and sugar. It was one of the biggest wheat market of Asia. Layallpur is an important educational and cultural centre with six colleges affiliated to the University of the Punjab besides many schools. “The college was established subsequent to the colonization of the new Canal colonies and was designed with a two fold object, firstly, to give instructions in the sciences having its bearing on agriculture, and in general agricultural practice to students from amongst whom the new department hoped, later on, to recruit its officers, and secondly to provide the agricultural population of the province with an institution where the Sons of the agriculturists could acquire knowledge for the betterment of traditional agricultural practices. The college was a nucleus of cultural activities including college societies, clubs, college Majlis, college magazine, college dress, co-operative supply society, University Training Corps (in 1944 named as Officers Training Corps), sports club, Tutorial system, swimming tank etc. There was a large number of scholarships also for the needy and poor students. There was Sir William Roberts Trust also for providing financial help of the students. So much so, the college had a daily to provide milk facilities. In fact, the college was one of the best agriculture educational institutions in the world then. |