IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 1051-1053 Social intelligence is an ability to get along well with others and to make them to co-operate with you. Many a time it also referred as people skills. It involves an awareness of social situations and the social changes that govern them and a knowledge of interpersonal communication and styles that could help a person to get his or her objectives in dealing with other people. Social intelligence appears to be an important concept for the promotion of subjective well being of an individual. Subjective well-being depends on how people assess their life, comprising affective and cognitive judgments (Diener, 1984; Diener & Chan, 2011). This relationship between social intelligence and subjective well-being has not been reviewed and researched much so far. Therefore this study has been undertaken to review the relationship between social intelligence and subjective well-being among adults. The present study was conducted on 200 adults residing in Jaipur city (age range- 20 to 30 years). Purposive sampling technique was used for the collection of the data. The tools comprised of three scales (i) Tromo social intelligence scale by Silvera, Martinussen, and Dahl (2001) (ii) Satisfaction with life scale by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin (1985) (iii) Bradburn scale of psychological well-being (1969). In light of the above assumption results revealed that negative affectivity is negatively related to social intelligence which means that absence of negative emotions is more important for the high level of Social Intelligence .positive affectivity was not found significantly related to social intelligence suggesting that the presence of positive emotions is not necessary for being socially intelligent and vice versa. Further life satisfaction has also found positively related to social well-being suggesting that socially intelligent persons are more satisfied with their life and vice versa. |
Pages: 1054-1059 Sibling relation is an important subsystem of the family system. Attachment among sibling relations has been understudied despite considerable evidence on how this relationship can be influential in an individual's life. This study focuses on the emotional attachment siblings experience as part of growing in a family setup wherein a parent is diagnosed with schizophrenia. This study involved interviewing sibling dyads who had either parent suffering from schizophrenia while in their growing years. The sibling dyads were 18 years and above who had one parent diagnosed with schizophrenia. The analysis revealed that being together during the time of their parents' illness brought them closer as siblings. The situation at home also enabled them to take certain roles and responsibilities in the family. The analysis also brought out the differences in roles among the elder and younger sibling and how being in such situation enabled the younger sibling also to transition their role as well. Findings contribute to the understanding of how siblings create an emotional attachment among themselves with a severe situation at home. Also, findings contribute in understanding the importance of involving the family in the rehabilitation process thereby enabling the children to carry out their expected roles in the family. |
Pages: 1060-1063 The study explores the relationship between self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness. The study was carried out on 215 undergraduate students of technology. Females had a significantly higher mean score of self-esteem and life satisfaction than their male counterparts. Females were also high on mean scores of happiness than males but without any significant variation. All the inter-correlations between the three variables were significant and positive. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the main predictor of happiness was life satisfaction. Self-esteem also predicted happiness but to a lesser degree. Life satisfaction accounted for 33% of the variance in predicting happiness, while self-esteem accounted for 19% of the variance in predicting happiness. It implies that high self-esteem and better life satisfaction in individuals leads to happiness. |
Pages: 1064-1066 Adolescence is one of the imperative periods of any individual's life with its innumerable and unique problems. Stress and behavioural problems are the most common among them. The present study aims to overcome or minimize the level of emotional and behavioural problems as well as stress in the school going adolescents with the help of a therapeutic package which combine relaxation and cognitive behaviour therapy, with inter modal therapy (RCBTI Therapy). By using purposive sampling technique a total of 10 participants were selected. Further these 10 participants were divided equally into experimental and control group. Youth Self Report and Stress Inventory have been used. Thereafter the experimental group was given the therapeutic intervention for approximately 21 sessions, twice a week. Each session was of 45-60 minutes duration. Tailor made therapeutic intervention was conducted in which sessions of relaxation therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy and inter modal therapy as per requirement of the adolescents were included. The present study concludes that with the help of the therapeutic package which combine relaxation therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy and inter modal therapy (RCBTI Therapy) participants demonstrated improvement with regard to their stress level and decrease in various emotional and behavioural problems such as attention problems, somatic complains, social problems, rule-breaking behaviour, and aggressive behavior. |
Pages: 1067-1073 Since times immemorial, science has made significant progress in understanding the nature, causes and treatment of schizophrenia but still we are lagging behind and this condition continues to cause significant disability among the individuals with this condition. Apart from psychopathology in terms of various positive and negative symptoms, a large number of these patients tend to experience throughout their life significant disability in different walks of life, they have to face external and internal stigma of mental illness, they are prone to have poor quality of life, poor self-esteem, poor well-being and frequent re-hospitalizations. One potential reason for all these problems in patients with schizophrenia is non-adherence to prescribed medications which in turn leads to worsening of psychopathology with other issues. To deal with this issue of non-adherence several psychological approaches were introduced out of which acceptance and commitment therapy is relatively new entry. In the present study efforts were made to establish its applicability in improving medication adherence among patients with schizophrenia. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the applicability of acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with schizophrenia in improving their medication adherence. A Pre-test and post test with control group design was used in this study. Equal number of patients was randomly assigned to acceptance and commitment therapy group (TAU + ACT) and treatment as usual group (TAU). Patients in the TAU+ACT condition received approximately 8-10 one hour long sessions of individual ACT twice in a week during their stay in the hospital while patients in treatment as usual group (TAU) received standard treatment. To monitor their progress they were assessed with Medication adherence rating scale and with other measures on pre-intervention phase, post intervention phase and at follow up phase. As a result of ACT application, significant improvement was noticed in terms of medication adherence related behaviours. The overall results of this study show that application of acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with schizophrenia brought significant positive changes in medication adherence. The gains that were attained at post intervention phase were maintained at follow up, hence, it can be said that acceptance and commitment therapy was efficacious and effective in bringing up positive changes in different outcome variables in patients with schizophrenia. Effects of this intervention were found durable which suggest that this intervention has potentials that can be utilized to improve the condition of patients with schizophrenia or with other psychotic disorders. |
Pages: 1074-1077 Child abuse and neglect signify risks to child well-being and health. Widespread endeavors are being done to enhance the attentiveness concerning threat issues of child abuse and neglect. Over the periods of time, studies have been carried out in the area of child maltreatment. But child maltreatment regarding chronic illnesses has obtained less attention, which is extremely crucial to make sure that children with chronic illnesses are acknowledged as a populace that is also at threats of mistreatment. A chronic illness affects almost each phase of a person's life and leaves an upsetting impression on the lives of everyone concerned. It is perceived that mistreatment regarding chronic conditions envisages more depressing outcomes than secluded mistreatment. On the whole, the source of abuse and neglect of children with chronic illnesses are very similar as those for every child; but, there are a number of factors like- children with chronic illnesses frequently put elevated physical, social, affective and financial loads on their families that may increase the possibility of abuse for children with chronic illnesses. Along with, for these children a large amount of intense care is required, which itself can be worrying. Particularly, the parents with restricted communal and societal help may be at high threat of mistreating children with chronic illnesses, because they may experience more disturbed and incapable to cope with the concerns and care liabilities. Lack of break in child care liabilities can contribute to an enlarged threat of maltreatment. This review paper attempts to illustrate an overview of how children with chronic illnesses becoming sufferers of abuse and neglect. |
Pages: 1078-1084 To promote the positive academic outcomes among school students, it is very essential to develop and enhance academic buoyancy and academic resilience among them. The objective of this review was to explore the empirical literature related to academic buoyancy and academic resilience among school students along with highlighting the major findings of the studies. To collect the relevant studies, databases-Google scholar, Sage, Science direct, ERIC, Psyc INFO, and Taylor and Francis Online were explored. Eighty three studies related to resilience and adults were found. Out of them, only seven studies could qualify the inclusion criteria to assess the academic resilience and academic buoyancy among school students. These studies found the importance of factors- self-efficacy, control, planning, persistence, low anxiety, family and community support that are associated with academic buoyancy and academic resilience. Future research direction include: further research from non-western countries; use of qualitative and mixed methods for analysis; and examination of the effect of demographic variables like SES, family structure and parents' education level. |
Pages: 1085-1092 The purpose of the study was to examine the job stress and family adjustment of female bank employees with high and low levels of work-family conflict. Work-Family Conflict Scale (Singh & Singh, 1996) Occupational Stress Index (Srivastava & Singh, 1981) and Family Adjustment Inventory for Working Women (Singh, 1987; high score denotes maladjustment), were administered individually to a sample consisting of 250 women employed at clerical level in various nationalized banks in Varanasi and nearby regions, U.P., India. Results revealed that Ss high on Work-to-Family (W-to-F) and Family-to-Work (F-to-W)conflict were also higher on all the areas of occupational stress, viz., role overload, role conflict, poor peer relation, intrinsic impoverishment, low status, strenuous working conditions and overall occupational stress. Similarly, Ss high on W-to-F and F-to-W conflict were also higher on all the areas of family maladjustment, viz., personal, family, children, husband, relatives and overall family maladjustment. Correlational analysis indicated that both W-to-F and F-to-W conflict had positive associations with almost all dimensions of occupational stress as well as with all the dimensions of maladjustment. The study gave important insights into work-family conflict, family adjustments and stress factors related to job amongst women working in the banking sector. |
Pages: 1093-1101 The study examined the interdependent happiness of senior secondary school teachers of various management setups with different organizational cultures. Employing a correlational design, 118 males (Mage = 45.86, SDage= 10.71) and 120 females (Mage= 43.24, SDage = 9.79) were chosen by a convenient sampling. The findings of the study showed gender and school type differences in the achievement of scores on the clan, adhocracy, market and hierarchy cultures as well as interdependent happiness. There was a positive correlation between the scores of the clan culture and interdependent happiness of the school teachers run by central government while negative correlations were observed between these scores of teachers working instate run and private school organizations. The negative correlations were also recorded between adhocracy and interdependent happiness of central govt. and private organization teachers whereas a positive correlation was observed between these scores for provincial school teachers. The negative correlations were found between market culture and interdependent happiness of central and provincial school teachers. The negative correlations were also reported between hierarchy and interdependent happiness of central and private school teachers whereas a small positive correlation was recorded between these scores for provincial school teachers. The findings showed that gender, central school type and clan organizational culture contributed significant variance to the interdependent happiness of the male and female teachers. In essence, gender, central government type school organization and clan organizational culture emerged as significant predictors for interdependent happiness. The conclusions of the study may have significant implications for researchers, educationists and policymakers. |
Pages: 1102-1104 Adolescence is a phase in which boys and girls both goes through tremendous physical, social and emotional changes. Parenting during this period has a significant role. It is found that parents have different parenting styles for boy and girl child all over the country. Parents living in metro cities become more liberal when it comes to gender sensitivity. Therefore a study to find the gender difference in parenting styles in metro cities of India is much needed. Objective of the present study is to study the gender difference in parenting styles of adolescents living in Delhi-NCR. A survey was conducted in schools of Delhi-NCR to fulfill the research objective. A sample of 431 adolescents studying in class 8th to senior secondary school were selected by using purposive sampling method. Sample includes 241 males and 190 female adolescents. Parental Authority Questionnaire developed by Buri (1991)was use to collect the data. This measure assesses three types of parenting styles Permissive, Authoritarian, and Authoritative style. Result of this study reported that parents are using mixed parenting styles and there is no significant difference in parenting styles of adolescents boys and girls living in Delhi-NCR. No Gender Discrimination was found in parenting styles of adolescents living in Delhi-NCR. |
Pages: 1105-1107 Adolescence is the most rapid phase in human growth. It is also known as young people and a vital part of any society in the world. This period is often between the ages of 10-19 or between 10-24 years old (WHO, 2002). Most of adolescents are healthy, but there is still health related problems among adolescents. During this stage both the changes individual as well as the environment influence occur. Due to these changes adolescents have health related effect in their life not only in this particular age but it also effect over the life time. This time adolescents may be mainly susceptible due to their capacities are still rising and they are start to move outer from their family. Self efficacy relates to an individual's confidence in achieving and maintaining behavioral change. Self efficacy is defined as an individual's thought that he or she has the strength and ability to control tasks or events in the immediate environment (Bandura, 2001). This study explores the relationship between self-efficacy and health. For this purpose, the study group consisted of 200 adolescents from different schools of Haryana. Generalized Self Efficacy Scale by Jerusalem and Schwarzer (1992) and General Health Questionnaire-28 (Goldberg, 1978) scale were used as measuring instruments. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the data collected. Findings suggest that there is negative correlation between self- efficacy and health. |
Pages: 1108-1111 Presence of children diagnosed with disability/ieshas been seen to predict stress among parents which results in use of behavioral strategies to reduce the impact of stress. Parents may indulge in increasing one's coping resources, change attitudes, take effective control of one's environment, seek support, or regulate negative emotions, etc. The present study was aimed at assessing any differences that may exist among parents having children diagnosed with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) and Intellectual Disability (ID). A total of 60 parents (30 parents of children diagnosed with SLDs & 30 parents of children diagnosed with ID) were purposively selected and assessed on Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Results indicated that except for the component of Accepting Responsibility, there were significant differences on the other seven components of the coping questionnaire between the two parental groups. The study indicates that the type of disability is likely to influence the behavioural strategy used to handle stress. |
Pages: 1112-1117 Tobacco dependence is one of the most wide spread addictions among the school students and also a significant public health issue faced by the world today. According to WHO estimate, there are nearly twenty-five corers tobacco users in India out of which, approximately 5500 adolescents start using tobacco in either Smoking or Smokeless (chewed) forms every day. Cognitive behavioural approaches used by practitioners were primarily focused on maintenance of treatment gains and management of relapse, rather than developing psychological strengths and skills. This research aims to develop a collaborative model of psychoeducation and cognitive and behavioural intervention, which could aid in the treatment plan by increasing knowledge of smokeless tobacco use and its harmful effects and also skills of effective craving management. A pre and post control group intervention was conducted among 80 adolescents smokeless tobacco users, aged 10-19 years in Bhopal, India. A control trial of cognitive behavioural intervention for reducing smokeless tobacco dependence in addition to psychoeducation was imparted to interventional subjects in four interactive sessions held in two months. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) was used to assess smokeless tobacco dependence. The impact of the programme was measured by comparing the experimental group from control group before the first intervention (pre-intervention), the second intervention (post-intervention) and after follow-up. Over time, a significant reduction in smokeless tobacco dependence was observed in experimental group in comparison to control group. Mean (±standard deviation) pre-intervention smokeless tobacco dependence scores were decreased from 4.55 ± 1.51 to 2.63 ± 1.55, post-intervention. Similar results were obtained in follow-up, i.e., 3.52 ± 1.48 (smokeless tobacco dependence). The differences in mean scores of interventional and control groups of smokeless tobacco dependence were significant (p < 0.000, df = 71), suggesting that the intervention had a major positive impact. Cognitive behavioural intervention programmeis effective in reducing smokeless tobacco dependence and helpful in increasing knowledge of smokeless tobacco use and its harmful effects and effective craving management among adolescents. |
Pages: 1118-1121 The objective of the study was to examine the applicability of cognitive retraining as attention training on attentional functioning (sustained & focused attention) in children with ADHD. Pre test and post test control group design was used. This study was conducted on a total of 20 children with ADHD who were screened by using SNAP-IV and MISIC for the assessment of intellectual functioning and presence of ADHD. CCT and CTT two sub test of Neuropsychological Battery for Children were used as an outcome measures. Cognitive retraining as attention training in incorporated suitable techniques selected from the module of Brain wave-R series (2002) and Parente and Anderson-Parente (1991). The results showed (before and after CR) significant improvement on attentional functioning (sustained & focused) in children with ADHD at pre and post assessment. Cognitive retraining as attention function training may be applicable for the children with ADHD. The training may be more useful if intensively given in the school setting as well as in the real life situation with active parental support. |
Pages: 1122-1126 The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the applicability of MBCT module on symptoms severity (OC symptoms and severity of anxiety) in patient with OCD. The study was conducted in the Behaviour Therapy Unit of Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Ranchi, Jharkhand. A hospital based confirmatory study was conducted in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder using Pre Test and Post Test Control Group Design. A total of 20 patients, age range of 20 to 45 years with Obsessive-compulsive disorder as per ICD-10 DCR Criteria and those who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. The severity of OCD and anxiety were assessed through YBOCS and HAM-A. Specific module of MBCT for OCD was prepared and used as an intervention tool. The significant improvement was found on the symptoms severity (OC symptoms & anxiety) in patient with OCDin pre, post and follow up assessment. MBCT module may be applicable and efficacious in reducing symptoms severity in patients with OCD. |
Pages: 1127-1130 Study of positive aging is a speedily developing area for research and practice. Spiritual practice and happiness, both are important concepts of human life. Comprehensive researches show that spiritual practices and spiritual beliefs help to reduce symptom and seriousness of physical and mental illness, unpredictability of events in later life. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there existence of any effect of spiritual practice on happiness of elders. Study was conducted on 160 (80 male & 80 female) respondents. Spiritual practice scale, i.e., Adhyatmic Abhayas Mapani (Choudhari & Singh, 2018) and Happiness scale, i.e., Prasannta Mapani (Choudhari & Singh, 2018) were used as tools for data collection. The outcome of the analysis indicatd that R2 coefficient was 0.35.1 (p < 0.01) which indicates that spiritual practice predicted 35.1% of the variance on happiness. However, the role of gender was found to be insignificant. It indicated that increasing spiritual practice enhanced level of happiness in the elderly. |
Pages: 1131-1133 College is place where students have to make several adjustments. To reach the collage day scholars had to travel daily and Students living in hostel are struggling to adjust in different environment. For some students living in hostel or daily travel may not be challenging, but for others may cause stress. High level of stress or chronic stress can affect well-being of the person. Quality of sleep is one parameter which is found to be sensitive to stress level. It is very important to understand the level of stress, well being and sleep disturbance among students to maintain their academic performance and ensure mental and physical well-being. Therefore this study was carried with following objective. To study the stress, well-being and sleep disturbance among hosteller and non-hostellers. There would be correlation among stress, well-being and sleep disturbance. And, there would be significant difference between hostellers and non hostellers in their stress, well-being and sleep disturbance. Descriptive correlational design used for study and study was conducted on a sample of 100 college students from SGT University, among which 50 were hosteller and 50 were non-hostellers. For this study DASS-21 Scale, PGI Well-Being Scale and Sleep Quality Scale were used. Significant relation was found among stress, well-being and sleep disturbance (p<.05. & there was significant difference in stress, well-being and sleep disturbance among hosteller and non-hosteller students (p<.01). The level of stress and sleep disturbance was high among hostellers while level of well-being was high among non-hosteller. There was positive relation among stress and sleep disturbance and negative relationship were found between well being and stress and sleep disturbance. |
Pages: 1134-1137 Creativity is the key factor for survival of organizations in a highly competitive and global modern market. Companies may sustain in the market only by introducing new strategies of marketing, new products and new services. Employee's creativity is the smallest unit of creativity in the organization. Several organizational and personal factors affect employee creativity. Present paper will deal with the motivational aspect of personal factors and will recollect information related to creativity and motivation and find out whether intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, or synergy between these two will be more effective in fostering creativity in organizations. |
Pages: 1138-1143 The present paper explains researcher's positionality in exploring the phenomenon of ambivalence and understanding the experiences associated. My doctoral research crafted in these years attempts to explicitly address how inevitable researcher's positionality role is, in choosing a particular topic, frame interview schedule, approaching participants, collecting data, and in doing analysis. Failing to authenticate own understanding can reduce the credibility of qualitative work. But with continuous self-criticizing and evaluative mindset of the researchers a relatively bias-free qualitative inquiry can be achieved. Qualitative research demands to step down from being an objective seeker to an interpretivist researcher. Thus, ascertaining positionality helped to gauge the authenticity of the research we conducted at each step by being an insider as well as an outsider. |
Pages: 1144-1150 The present paper is an attempt to find out the level of Personal values of Tribal and Non-Tribal Secondary school students. The design of the study was survey method. The population was secondary school students in khammam district, who study 10th class. Quota sampling technique was used to draw 400 students, i.e., 200 tribal and 200 non-tribal students. Suitable statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the Tribal and Non-Tribal secondary school students have a moderate level of personal values, i.e., Challenge, problem-solving, discipline, hard work, and Punctuality. Most of the Tribal and Non-Tribal secondary school students have a moderate and high level of honesty, co-operation. The Tribal and Non-Tribal secondary school students have a low and moderate level of commitment, group work, and self-dependence. |
Pages: 1151-1157 This study explored whether there is a relationship between reading books and wisdom. 103 participants in the age group of 20 to 40 years responded to Ardelt's Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale, a modified version of Stanovich and West's Author Recognition Test, and a Reading Habits Questionnaire. A correlational analysis showed a statistically significant positive relationship between the two study variables. A second hypothesis explored whether wisdom levels varied significantly between readers who read predominantly literary fiction versus those who read predominantly popular fiction or non-fiction. Respondents were categorized into these three groups based on their scores on the Author Recognition Test. A one-way analysis of variance however failed to show any significant difference between the readers of these different types of texts. Deep reading as a habit, which has been on a decline in the recent past, may be meaningfully related to wisdom, a quality universally acknowledged as desirable and worthy of pursuit. The implications of this relationship and the possibilities to study it further have been discussed. |
Pages: 1158-1165 This research aims to study the relationship between personal identity, self-efficacy, values and personality traits among adolescents of the minority and majority communities. Participants were four hundred adolescents (200 minorities (Muslims) and 200 majorities (Hindus) community). Instruments used were Aspect of identity questionnaire was developed by Cheek and Briggs (2013); the general self-efficacy scale developed by Schwartz and Jerusalem (1995); Lindeman and Yerkasalo (2005); measuring values with the Short Schwartz's Value Survey and HEXACO PI-R personality traits inventory Ashton and Lee (2009) a short personality inventory that assesses the six dimensions of the HEXACO model of personal traits structure. We can be selected the ten items of each of the 6 six scales from the longer HEXACO PI-R (Honest-humility, emotional, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness & openness of experience). The findings can be inferred that self-efficacy was found to be significantly correlated with dimensions of personality traits and also found out the positive correlation between values and self-efficacy as well as overall personal identity strongly significant correlated among adolescents of the minority and majority communities. |
Pages: 1166-1168 The spouses of serving personnel of military and paramilitary forces are integrated part of organizations and serve as backbone for them. The deployment of military and paramilitary forces has great toll on the mental health of the serving personnel as well on their spouses. The objective the present paper is to compare the deployment stress among working and non working spouses of military and Para military (n=300 ) in Haryana and NCR. Participants filled out researcher's self-developed scale of deployment stress to measure the variable under study. The finding suggested that there was significant difference in deployment stress (t=11.35, p <.05) among working and non - working spouses of military and paramilitary personnel. The study has implication in policy decisions related to military and paramilitary forces. |
Pages: 1169-1170 We are living in 21st century where exploitation of society resources for satisfaction of current generation needs going at a heavy rate. Corporate organizations use the resources of our society extensively for their benefit. For a long time, many organizations engaged in getting profit by using the resources of the society. These organizations are significantly harming the health of the people. Everyone can understand the hazardous climate changes due to pollution generated by corporate organizational activities. For sustainable development there is necessity to preserve this environment for the future generation. There should be optimum utilization of resources and corporate world should understand its responsibility. Though, corporate organizations have provided apparent monitory support to the society for its betterment. These organizations using the resources of the society, they must take this in consideration with regards to resources these should be utilized optimally. There are many activities stated by the central government on which these organizations can spend their earning which will be considered activities for the social welfare. Although in other developed countries there are special provisions from a long time but now in India also there are certain guidelines were issued towards corporate social responsibilities (CSRs). Present paper will present basis of assignment of corporate social responsibilities in India and activities where organizations can spend for their Corporate Social Responsibility. |
Pages: 1171-1176 The aim of the current study was to explore the experience and attitude of employees about various aspects of Sexual Harassment at workplace. Thus, a Sexual Harassment Survey was constructed by the researchers. The items in the survey were framed on the basis of the review of literature related to the topic of sexual harassment. It was ensured that the survey fulfills the organization's needs. The survey was administered on a sample of 140 employees (70 males & 70 females) belonging to the age group of 25- 40 years, with a working tenure of at least 2 years. After this, the results were computed and analyzed using percentage analysis. Overall the results indicated that at the experiential level sexual harassment in the form of un-welcoming sexual comments, jokes and gestures was prevalent in the organization. The female employees of the organization experienced these relatively more than male employees. However at the attitudinal level, it was found that most of the male and female employees believed that men are not always the perpetrator of sexual harassment and can also be victims of such an act. It was also found that employees do not make false allegations about sexual harassment with the intention to extort money from the employer. |