IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 941-947 Within this article, views of teachers on instructional leadership practices of principals are assessed and the gender differences of teachers' view on the practices of instructional leadership by principals were tested. Quantitative research method was employed. The population of this study was 208 male and 299 female teachers who teach in 16 governmental and 11 private primary schools in Debre Berhan. Out of this population 73 male and 71 female with a total of 144 teachers were chosen by using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using PIMRS instrument developed by Hallinger. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Findings of total teachers showed that principals in Debre Berhan primary schools practiced instructional leadership functions between moderate to high level. The gender differences in the findings of this study were statistically insignificant for eight and significant for two of the functions, so it has an implication of gender equality in leadership understanding and participation. Principals should solve problems related to incentives for teachers and learning, search opportunities for professional upgrading and updating of teachers and oneself; and save instructional time properly in collaboration with the staff, district education office experts, Zonal responsible bodies; Universities, colleges, state and NGOs. The relatively low results obtained for incentive related functions may be related with the economical status of the country, thus it needs a further research on the issue to reach on a better conclusion. Principals should focus on the core activities of the teaching-learningimprovement, exercise their leadership skills to change values; share school vision and create conducive school climate where every member has the opportunity to learn and create knowledge-basedsociety. |
Pages: 948-952 The study is conducted to evaluate the efficacy of meaning centered counselling and psychotherapy (MCCT) for management of depressive disorder for purposively selected 40 adults. The adults were assessed pre and post intervention in experimental and control groups. The questionnaires used in the study are Personal Meaning Profile developed by Wong (1998); Beck Depression Inventory-II developed by Beck, Steer, and Brown (1996); and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale developed by Rosenberg (1965). This is the study of forty adults Positive Essence Psychology, Thamarassery, Calicut, Kerala. The subjects were assessed before intervention and intervened with meaning centered counselling and psychotherapy (MCCT) for the time span of twelve weeks. The subjects' depressive symptoms and self esteem were reassessed after the period of twelve weeks. The outcome of the study revealed that the adult's experienced significantly less depressive disorder symptoms, and elevated in the self esteem. The result shows that the meaning centered counselling and psychotherapy (MCCT) techniques are efficient in management of depressive disorders symptoms or associated anxiety and increase in self esteem. |
Pages: 953-957 Domestic violence is one of the major problems faced by women at the hands of their families. This study is aimed at constructing a scale to assess the attitude towards domestic violence in the Hindi language for people of India. The sample for this study included 480 married women from various districts of Haryana. Mean age of participants was 30.73 with S.D. 6.42. Mean of their marriage duration was 9.86 and S.D. was 6.96. A pool of 20 items was prepared and administered to 480 married females along with “position of women” dimension of Modernization questionnaire. A separate study was conducted on 194 participants for the purpose of the validity of the scale. The final questionnaire prepared has 16 items with three factors. Reliability and validity of the scale are satisfactory. |
Pages: 958-965 The present study examines the relationship between personality and emotional intelligence in movie watchers and literature book readers. The sample comprised of 200 (n=200) individuals with the hobbies of book reading and movie watching. Out of these 200, there were (n=129) females, (n=70) males who filled the measure of personality factors (NEO FFI3) by Costa and McCrae (2010) and emotional intelligence Test (EIT) by Shukla (2011). Education qualification of the participants ranged between under graduation to doctorate level. No significant relationship between emotional intelligence and personality factors could be found with movie watching and book reading. However, these variables were found to be significantly correlated with some demographic variables. Also, no significant difference was found between groups on various demographics on emotional intelligence and personality factors. |
Pages: 966-970 The present study was planned to analyze the role of parenting styles and family environment as predictors of adolescent aggression. The sample consisted of 300 adolescents. Children's perception of parenting Styles, Family Environment Scale, and Aggression Questionnaire were used to evaluate parenting styles and family environment and to observe their relationships with aggression. In addition, the predictive capacity of parenting styles and family environment were also analyzed. The data were analyzed with the help of Pearson's Product Moment correlation and stepwise regression analysis. The results of the study demonstrated that (i) democratic, accepting, rejecting, and over-demanding parenting styles are strongly related to aggression and (ii) Family environment also demonstrated strong inverse relationships with aggression. (iii) Stepwise regression analysis revealed that accepting and, rejecting dimensions of parenting styles and independence and expressiveness dimensions of family environment were strong predictors of aggression in adolescents. These results confirm the predictive significance for parenting styles and family environment on aggression. |
Pages: 971-977 The study explores the relationship between Self-construals, Personality factors (Big-Five), Fear of Happiness, Fear of Success, Fear of Compassion and Life satisfaction. The study is conducted on a young adult female sample (n=241) and the relationship between the variables are explored using statistical measures of correlation and regression. The correlation reveal that the variables under study are significantly related. The study concludes that the mentioned fears, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Independent Self-Construal are predictors of life satisfaction. The result and discussion section talks about the interaction between the variables of concern. The study also provides suggestion for construction of a model for future research. |
Pages: 978-981 Peer pressure among the youth is inevitable in educational and social settings. The role of parents and teachers is to create an awareness about positive and negative peer pressure and developing the skills to cope the negative peer pressure. The main aim of the study is to explore the peer pressure among the youth. For this, the investigators adopted survey research method. A standardized peer pressure questionnaire was used to quantify the data. For this study, the researchers have adopted systematic random sampling technique to collect the data from the youth population in Madurai. The collected data were analysed with appropriate statistical techniques and the results were discussed with previous studies on the topic. The researchers also made an appropriate suggestions and interventions to tackle the negative peer pressure and nourishing the positive peer pressure. The major findings are the youth in Madurai area have below average level of peer pressure, there is no significant difference between male and female youth and rural and urban youth in their level of peer pressure. The suggested strategies to cope negative peer pressure will be help the vulnerable youth to cope peer pressure in effective manner. |
Pages: 982-984 Tribals are the integral part of Indian civilization and possess a very rich cultural heritage. Human beings in general and tribals in particular depend upon nature for their primary need. The tribals, especially particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) consider their habitat and environment as a source of food and shelter. As they are born and brought up in the forests, their life long and trans-generational interaction with nature is encapsulated with indigenous knowledge system. Indigenous knowledge synonymously known as traditional knowledge or traditional ecological knowledge is the cumulative and collective body of knowledge and belief handed down by cultural transmission through generations. It can be defined as a corpus of knowledge belonging to a particular geographical area held by the members of a distinct community. The tribal people have a specific indigenous knowledge that is unknown to the non-tribals. The present study has been conducted among the Hill Korwa tribe of Surguja district, Chhattisgarh. The present paper provides information about the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used by the Hill Korwa tribe as medicine in the treatment of various diseases and ailments. |
Pages: 985-991 In order to achieve a good relationship and to be socially acceptable, transgenders may undergo sex reassignment surgery. It helps them to find a partner and to start a relationship. But transgenders experience severe difficulties in taking decisions regarding maintenance and termination of intimate relationships; the partner changing practice in transgenders tend to create negative attitudes about them. The purpose of this study was to know the psychosocial and physiological factors influencing transgender's emotions, identity, care and intimacy. The study also aims to understand the underlying factors which might influence the partner changing practice among Male to female transgenders. A sample of ten transgenders who had undergone sex reassignment surgery and have changed their biological gender from male to female was selected from three states of South India through a snowball sampling method. Obtained data were analyzed using thematic analysis method. Results indicate that the psychosocial experiences of the transgenders fall mainly into 8 themes namely hope, ideal partner, inequity, insight, exploitation, frustration, the effect of supremacy and coping strategies; it also points out that transgenders experience discrimination in various fields of social life and it affects their psychological well-being negatively. This study helps to give a voice to the transgender's experiences and expectations and to change the society's attitude towards the transgenders. |
Pages: 992-995 The study was done to assess the effect of cognitive retraining on memory skills in children with learning disabilities. An attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of cognitive retraining on visual memory skills, verbal learning and memory. Samples of ten participants between the age group of 8 to 13 years with specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills as per ICD10 DCR were selected using purposive sampling method. Tools used for this study were socio-demographic data sheet, teachers and parents report, Malin's Intelligence scale for Indian children, NIMHAN'S Index for specific learning disability, Benton Visual retention test and Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning test. Cognitive retraining tasks were given on attention, memory and visuospatial skills for almost 25-30 sessions within school setting and also combined homework exercises with the aid from parents and teachers. Thereafter comparative pre-post treatment scores were analyzed. The results indicated that cognitive retraining helped to improve visual memory, immediate recall, delayed verbal recall and total learning. |
Pages: 996-998 The present research aimed to study the role of vocational interest in career maturity among the adolescents in the light of a Model of Career Maturity proposed by John Crites (1973) which mentions 'Vocational Interest' as one of the factor to inculcate in career maturity. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Sample consisted of 270 students, both boys and girls in the age range of 16-18 years studying in 11th and 12th Standard of government schools of Jammu. The Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) (Attitude Scale & Competency Test) John Crites, Indian adaptation by Gupta (1989) and Vocational Interest Inventory by Holland (2004) were used for data collection. The obtained data were analyzed using Factor Analysis. The obtained results are discussed in the light of available empirical evidences. |
Pages: 999-1002 A large percentage of Indian women have faced or are facing the scrape of Eve teasing. Whether it is a public transport system, public places, shopping malls or multiplexes, women find themselves vulnerable to the threat of eve teasing everywhere. The present study deals with the issue of Eve teasing in the North campus of Delhi University. The present study is based on both the primary sources as well as secondary sources. The primary data were collected by personal contact with respondents of the North campus of University of Delhi. They were Personally contacted and informally interviewed for finding out if they were ever subjected to Eve teasing by males of their university or outsiders. In case they did face Eve teasing then what type of eve teasing incident, they were subjected to. The results reveals that all respondents of our study are aware about the truth of eve teasing, most of the students respond by verbal, very less students take legal step against the teaser or report to police or University authority. In the present study the deficit of punishment by court or legal authorities and scarcity of respect to women observed to be the general reason for increasing eve- easing. |
Pages: 1003-1006 The growing interest in happiness became the centre of inquiry. The impact of culture and language on the levels of happiness across countries has been a topic of dialogue among social scientists. The objective of the present research paper was to explore the equivalent term of happiness for Hindi speaking youth. There are different terms used in different languages, cultures and countries for happiness. Wherever Indian languages have also many terms for happiness, there is a need to establish an equivalent term for happiness in Hindi. The present paper planed to explore the equivalent term for happiness among Hindi speaking youth. The study comprised of two sections. Section-1 is related to participants self report about the frequently used term for happiness in their own language. The section-2 was related to find out nearest word for term happiness from ten most frequent selected words on the basis of the result of section-1. In the first section 30 participants were selected through purposive sampling from two different contexts: Hostels of University of Allahabad (15 participants- 07 Male, 08 Female, the age range of 18-30 years.) and religious / spiritual Ashram of Allahabad city (15 participants - 07 Male, 08 Female, the age range of 18-30 years.). 30 different participants from same contexts participated in sections two. Analysis revealed the highest frequency of equivalent term of happiness was Khusi (f-30). While the least mean (nearest to happiness) found for word happiness is khusi (Mean- 2.43). This indicated that 'khusi' is frequently used term among Hindi speaking youth. |
Pages: 1007-1011 The paper traces the characteristics of myth, legends and miraculous facts in Kashmir history. Myth is deeply related to cultural history of Kashmir. Since the beginning of Kashmir's history, the myth (Purakatha) has a great place. The origins of Kashmir, starting from the geographical location, the presence of public life, the construction of rivers, lakes, shrines, temples, mosques, and all matters of religious and societal transformation are closely related with myth and legends. In some cases, the myths also focus on the views of the individual or ruling classes. There are many myth, legend and miraculous facts about the Rishi and Sufi saints in Kashmir. This paper examines the theoretical concept of myth, miracle and legends which is emerged in western academics in the nineteenth and twentieth century. In this paper I shall try to analyse the truthfulness of myth, miracles and legends in Kashmir history through the theoretical concepts of world scholarship. |
Pages: 1012-1016 Generally depression was connected a state of low mood but also depression is influencing person feelings, behavior, psychosocial and other activity. Some symptoms of person with in depressed mood feel sad, worried, hopeless, helpless, worthless, guilty, irritable, angry and restless. Suicide was doing something with purposely one's own death. The aim of this study compare between women and men in depression and suicide ideation. Depression is a major factor to related form suicide and gender difference. In this present study has been undertaken to verify if these differences do exist for girls and boys. The sample chosen comprised of 50 male and 50 female from Jaipur city. Tools used were Back Depression inventory II and suicide ideation scale by Back et al. (1996, 1979). The findings significant difference in depression between men and women and also found no significance difference in suicide ideation. In conclusion women are more suffer from psychological problem, to experience suicide thought. |
Pages: 1017-1019 Solution focused brief therapy is a brief therapy quite effective in a short period of time. It is at an infantile stage in India. The prevalence of mental problems and shortage of counsellors require a short therapy. The youth is the most active agent of development and their health is of utmost priority for any nation. In an effort to see the effectiveness of Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) on depressed youth, the present research is carried on 8 college students. There are two groups- Experimental (4 subjects) and Control group (4 subjects). The experimental group is tested for depression using Beck's Depression Inventory before therapy and after therapy. The control group is tested twice with a gap of almost same period. The pre- and post- therapy results are compared with the control group results. |
Pages: 1020-1024 Shyam Benegal in his films tries to present both women as victims and women in charge of their own lives, capable of making their own decisions. The study presents the critical analysis of two films Sardari Begum and Zubeida. Both the movies reveal his concern with women's issues, their subordination at the hands of a patriarchal society, their sexual exploitation as well as their desires and aspirations. His concern with marginalised minority women becomes evident, as the movies focus on Muslim women. Yet the female protagonists have an inner strength, a capacity to survive and fulfil their desires. There are similarities, in that the protagonists desire to achieve something which their patriarchal fathers do not want for them, in their sexual exploitation while they attempt to get their objectives. Shyam Benegal, in both the movies, is not attempting to portray the Hindi film industry's conceptualisation of an ideal woman, nor does he attempt to judge those who may seem to have strayed from the ideal path of a pure and chaste woman. |
Pages: 1025-1027 In light of the growing demand of a regulatory framework for allied healthcare services in India, the Allied and Healthcare Professionals Bill, 2018, was introduced in the Rajya Sabha in December 2018. The bill seeks to regulate and standardize education, training and services of allied healthcare professionals in the country. The bill recognizes the Behavioural Health Science Professionals as one among the fifteen categories of professionals delineated by it. It, thus, brings psychologists, counsellors, behavioural analysts and mental health support workers within the ambit of the bill to be governed by the Allied and Healthcare Council of India. This paper argues that, despite being a progressive step for allied healthcare professions, the bill fails to appreciate mental healthcare as a mainstream field in itself rather than a mere allied field. It fails to recognize the enormity of the mental health crisis in India and is extremely restrictive in its biomedical approach to psychology and allied areas. The paper suggests that, instead of subsuming mental healthcare underthe Allied and Healthcare Council, the need of the hour is to establish a full-fledged National Council of Psychology to meet the massive challenge of mental healthcare facing our country. |
Pages: 1028-1030 Transgender has come to be the accepted term for persons who do not fall in the physically, sexually defined categories of male and female. They are persons who have been called 'Kinnar', 'Hijras', 'Chakkas' or eunuchs. The manner of use of these connotations has been from indifference to even derogatory. Over the past few decades, there has been concern in the electronic and visual media about the socially impoverished lives these persons are forced to live. In several instances they have had to succumb to severe abuse from the rest of society. They have been insulted and even sexually assaulted through most of their lives. Countries the world over have attempted to ameliorate the situation of these marginalized members of society so that they are enabled to live a life free from stigma. The recent declaration of Section 377 of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill 2016 held forth a ray of hope for this person. However, the manner of implementation and the degree to which it is implemented have global ramifications. Primary data was used for the research conducted for this paper - Empirical investigative tools of research like focused group discussions were held among undergraduate students. The findings show that most youth favoured the Bill wholeheartedly while a few gave vent to the doubt that legislations cannot cure the deep rooted evil. And the act could be used only when the actual facts are brought to light. Meanwhile, the crimes against the transgender persons may well continue and their socio- psychological position may not change to any great extent. In fact, a large proportion of the transgender persons themselves, see the Act as a threat challenging their safety and livelihoods. |
Pages: 1031-1034 The main objective of this review was to look at whether teacher collaborative activities are related to their professional growth in secondary schools of west Oromia, Ethiopia. Ethiopia is currently working on the capacity building for school leaders particularly those of school principal, vice principal and supervisors since 1913. The efforts of the MoE to bring about quality education by scaling up the capacity of the school supervisors haven't successfully met the standard set. This study therefore, intended to contribute to school system through creating the mechanisms of teachers' collaborative effort for the betterment of improved classroom instruction. To this end, related research studies conducted in this area have been thoroughly reviewed. Thus, the findings from relevant meta analysis showed that teacher collaboration has significant impact on teachers' competence, confidences, and attendances of their practices, teachers' collaboration produce desired results through shared goals, teacher efficacy, and positive interdependences of teachers in the school. Teachers' collaboration is part of teachers' daily routines and they need to be involved in planning, implementing, and evaluation of the impact. Furthermore, the review study identified that teachers' participation in different forms of collaborative practices organized in stable and supportive school environment which has the potential to influence school-based teachers' professional learning on a continual basis. On the other hand, the study mentioned the problems to teachers' collaboration and their professional development as backward teaching methods and belief, awareness, and limitation of skill, be short of initiative to improve, lack of dedication, as well as motivation are the major challenges to teachers' collaborations and professional development. |
Pages: 1035-1038 Trust in political institutions is imperative to democracy. It reflects public evaluative orientation towards the polity and is thus considered critical for the stability of a regime. It is an integral element of political support which constitutes the basis of political system's legitimacy. Based on data drawn from a Ph.D. field survey in Nagaland, this paper examined the level of political trust in Nagaland and found that majority of the respondents are distrustful of political institutions. Respondents also expressed dissatisfaction with the performance of the state government and consider corruption and unemployment as major issues plaguing the state. |
Pages: 1039-1041 This study aims to detect different psychopathological dimensions of Mania, Paranoia and Schizophrenia caused by HIV- Infection. For this study a sample of 200 (both male & female) HIV infected patients was randomly selected from different NGOs working in New Delhi and Network of Positive People in Haryana. The patients who participated in the present study ranged between the age of 18 and 45 years. All the selected participants were administered with Clinical Scales of Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). The clinical sample was constructed of only those patients who volunteered themselves and were permitted by consultant doctors. The normative matching sample (n=200) was randomly drawn from the general population of Delhi and Haryana. Similarly the normative sample was also tested the same tests as in case of clinical sample. With a view to accomplish the main objective, various statistical techniques have been used the most pertinent which are descriptive statistics,, Means, Standard Deviations, and t-ratio to analyses the data. Results of this study depicts that there was a significant mean difference between HIV-infected Male and Female and Control Group Male and Female with respect to different clinical scale of Psychopathological dimensions Mania, Paranoia, and Schizophrenia. |
Pages: 1042-1044 The present study explored to study whether positive psychology constructs which comprise of hope, optimism, resilience and self-efficacy, have any relationship with subjective well-being and its dimensions of life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect. Looking at vast number of researches over time, it has been studied that various researches have mainly highlighted the negative aspects of life, scarce researches have emphasized how our own human attributes can be beneficial for us to uplift our moods, increase our happiness and imbibe in us more positivity. The results have clearly shown strong relation between positive psychology constructs and subjective well being, therefore these findings can be used by clinicians to highlight its importance to the clients and work on activities that can have greater impact on their subjective well being. |
Pages: 1045-1047 The present study attempt to explore the gender difference in the level of different forms of aggression and forgiveness in adolescent boys and girls. The sample was comprised of 400 students (200 boys & 200 girls) in the age range of 14-19 years. The Aggression questionnaire by Buss and Perry and the Forgiveness scale by Berry et al. (2005) were used to evaluate aggression and forgiveness among adolescent boys and girls. T-test was used to analyze the results. The result indicated that there was significant difference in physical and verbal aggression and anger and no significant difference was found in hostility and forgiveness. The results have been discussed with empirical findings. |
Pages: 1048-1050 It is commonly believed among clinical psychology researchers that anxiety is an emotionally volatile disorder and in approximately 40% to 70% of cases of bipolar disorder, anxiety onset bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder having 2 poles of mood one is depression and other is mania. Anxiety and bipolar disorder now a days have very serious impact on human life and well being. Although there are various therapeutic technique and psychoactive medicine to treat these disorders but when anxiety comorbid with bipolar disorder, treatment outcome is severely reduced and attacks come frequently. Because anxiety disorders are emotionally volatile and mental imagery has a great impact on emotion, so by understanding the relationship of anxiety, imagery and bipolar disorder we can reduce treatment cost and minimize the problems of the patients. In the present study 43 bipolar patient comorbid with anxiety disorder were selected for this study by purposive sampling and examined with Beck Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), and Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) to understand the correlation between mental imagery, anxiety and bipolar disorder. Results shows that imagery and anxiety are negatively correlated (-0.15) but value is not significant. Important finding is between mental imagery and depression that are negatively correlated (-0.493**). It is quite interesting and need to further study. |