IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Page: 22-27

Abdul Ahad Shafiq Faqiry1, Khaja Hamiddudin Jami2, and Abedin Momeni3 (A Doctoral Student of the Islamic Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran1, Department of Islamic Culture, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Herat University, Afghanistan2, and Faculty of Islamic Studies, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran3)

Based on Islamic jurisprudence and Afghan law, everything that belongs to the members of the society, owned and if in case its value and benefit is permissible in the case of abundance and difficulty, and its loss leads to compensation is called public property. According to this definition, with the rule of democracy systems in Afghanistan from 1980 onwards; Some people knowingly tried to embezzle public property in various ways under the name of embezzlement, waste, destruction, theft, betrayal, bribery, etc., which gradually became a big social problem in the country. In the meantime, the national wealth, which included billions of dollars in international aid in Afghanistan, was stolen by many people. Therefore, the research of this problem and the understanding of the strategies to fight against the profit seekers of this sinister and corruption-oriented phenomenon are of particular importance from the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence and Afghan law. It is worth noting that in some cases in the views of Islamic jurists and Afghan law, there are common points such as the imprisonment of transgressors. However, different points such as cutting off the hand of a thief is a controversial issue the Islamic jurists advocates for it and other jurists do not. Therefore, knowing the ways of encroaching on the national wealth, explaining and examining the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and Afghan law, and how to punish looters of public property are among the most important goals of this research.

Page: 34-38

Satinder Kaur, Deepika Vig, and Asha Chawla Thakral (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Social media usage has grown swiftly in recent years, with one of the most popular activities for young adults like clicking, editing and uploading, self-photos, known as selfies. However, research has only recently begun to investigate selfies, and little is known about selfe practices in young adults and its association with depression. The present study is based on the dynamics of perceived Depression among selfie addicts and non-selfie addicts of young adults of Punjab. Under this study, 500 young adults were surveyed aged between 19-21 years by using Self-Structured Selfie Addiction Checklist and Beck Depression Inventory. A complete list of all the districts falling under three cultural regions of Punjab, viz., Majha, Malwa, and Doaba was prepared. For equal representation of the sample from all cultural regions, proportionate numbers of districts were selected in the ratio of approximately 1:1:3 from Majha, Doaba, and Malwa region respectively. Amritsar district from Majha and Jalandhar district from Doaba region and Ludhiana, Moga and Patiala from Malwa region were purposively selected. The colleges and universities were chosen randomly for data collection to complete the sample. Survey results indicated that selfie addiction has no relationship with depression. However, whether, selfie addict or non selfie addict young adults, both were found to have minimal level of depression in Majha, Malwa, and Doaba.

Page: 45-51

Anjo George and M. Vinothkumar (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Chronic diseases are still considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a major concern for national health systems. Rheumatoid arthritis is one of them with an unknown etiology. The prolonged course of illness has many impacts, and early diagnosis may provide opportunities to stop symptoms or the disease from getting worse or improve patients' quality of life. Environmental factors and personal characteristics, such as lifestyle choices and psychological makeup, can influence how negatively a disease affects a person's quality of life. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that aims to reduce the painful subjective experiences that are the causes of suffering and other psychological difficulties. It focuses on the client's ability to accept the conditions rather than control or escape them. It also helps to establish oneself with more clarity and purpose to survive the conditions. ACT involves attempts to change the existing perception by replacing specific maladaptive thoughts. It emphasizes the relative influence of conditioned thoughts and their negative influence on one's meaningful life. The present study aims to examine the benefits of ACT-based intervention and its impact on rheumatoid arthritis patients. A review analysis showed that acceptance and commitment therapy greatly support RA patients and help manage the disease. Even though it has several benefits, it is not applied in arthritis patients as a therapeutic technique. The study recommends the inclusion of acceptance-based interventions along with pharmacotherapy to address the psychosocial problems of arthritis patients.

Page: 57-60

Megha Mandalaparthy (Independent Scholar Psychology, Delhi)

School is an extremely important part of an individual's life. It consists of 12 years of a child's life and has a major influence on their development. The present study aimed to understand school experiences in a retrospective manner. The sample consisted of 37 adults who had graduated school in the time frame of 2009-2017. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were utilised. For the former, the Perceived School Experiences Scale and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale were implemented. For the latter, a form was created with some rating questions, MCQs, as well as open-ended questions relating to participants' school experiences. Quantitative results revealed weak correlations between the studied school categories and self-esteem. School connectedness was the only category with a modest relationship with self-esteem (rs(35)=0.47, p<0.001). Qualitative data revealed that adults remembered their peer relationships and certain teachers positively, while at the same time, strongly recalled insensitive and biased teachers negatively, and finally, wished to change the bullying experiences, and in some cases wanted a co-educational schooling experience. Implications and suggestions for future research have been discussed.

Page: 64-67

Sonia Rani (Department of Psychology, SUS Govt. College Matatmajri, Indri, Karnal, Haryana)

The present study explores the relationships between personality and decision-making. The Sample comprised of 200 male students within the age range of 13 to 17 years (mean age-15 years) studying in various schools in Haryana. Participants were assessed by Eysenck Personality Inventory and Adolescent Decision-Making Questionnaire. Correlational Analysis was computed to explore the relationships between the variables. Results revealed that Extraversion correlated positively with Decision Self Esteem and Vigilance. On the other hand, Neuroticism correlated positively with Panic, Cop Out and Complacency but correlated negatively with Decision Self-esteem.

Page: 72-75

E. R. Babu1 and A. William Thomas2 (Madurai Kamarah University, Madurai, S. India & Director, FIND (An International NGO), New Delhi1 and Arul Anandar College Autonomous, Karumathur, Madurai, S. India2)

Key population experience multiple challenges in terms of health care with one or more infections/diseases with limited access to care. Stigma, discrimination, harassment, criminalization of behaviour, laws and policies adds further challenges to key population in access to healthcare in public health care settings. HCV infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Various studies have reported that HCV prevalence was higher among key population especially people living with HIV, those with sexually transmitted diseases, high-risk sex behaviour or injection drug use, and those receiving haemodialysis or frequent transfusions. HCV infection can now be cured in almost all patients with these effective, safe and tolerable combinations of oral DAAs. Key populations need of continuum of care including prevention, testing and treatment.

Page: 82-87

Kuldeep Malik (Department of Geography, Pt. NRS Govt. College, Rohtak, Haryana)

Livelihood consists of capabilities, assets and activities required to make a living. Occupation is also one of the most important variables to find out the socio-economic status at an individual level. The majority of people engaged in agriculture and allied activities, i.e., animal husbandry, trading of animals (sale & purchase) and sale of fodder and so on. This paper discusses the rural livelihood patterns of agrarian communities in district Rohtak. Livelihood pattern is based on five components, i.e., human capital, social capital, financial capital, physical assets and natural assets. In order to analyze the structural features and livelihood pattern of agrarian communities in rural area these five components related to capitals and assets are considered for discussion and analysis. The aspects of agriculture such as of production of crops, irrigated and non-irrigated area are essential for cultivation of crops. Hence, the role of irrigation is vital to study the viability of livelihood. Some other variables of livelihood depend such as level and source of income for their survival of agrarian communities are also taken into account. Income is more important economic variable, not only affect the per capita income and standard of living but also affect other's cultural and social aspects of society. Agriculture and allied activities is main source of income of agrarian people in rural area in Haryana state.

Page: 92-95

Jogender Singh Khokher (Department of Geography A.I. Jat H.M. College, Rohtak, Haryana)

Human requirements are met by water in numerous ways. Human life is not conceivable without water. Safe and widely accessible water is crucial for maintaining public health, whether it is used for drinking, food production or other home uses. Access to clean water and its improved and treated sources are able to stop the spread of water-borne diseases. Consuming contaminated water is a major factor in the transmission of the bacteria that cause water-borne illnesses. Along with the use of contaminated drinking water, poor sanitation and poor hygiene habits as a high incidence of water-borne diseases in India. The majority of rural Indians deal with numerous difficulties brought by unsafe and unclean drinking water. The major water borne diseases found in these regions were typhoid fever, hepatitis A and E, cholera, bacillary dysentery, various diarrheal disorders and other gastrointestinal illnesses. These diseases are causing pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and protozoa. The main objective of this study is to gather data on how well-informed the rural community is on safe drinking water, sources of safe water and diseases that are spread by water. Another goals of the study are to identify waterborne diseases, and associated problems and recommend solutions to address such problems in the study area. In the present study both primary and secondary data was used and fully summarized in the data analysis section.

Page: 98-103

Poonam Phogat and Vasundhra Verma (Department of Psychology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

In recent times, digital consumers have access to a variety of MHApps but choosing one that's useful presents a challenge. Google and Apple's digital marketplaces offer approximately 20,000 MHApps. In India, relying on such apps to understand and improve mental health issues remains ambiguous due to the stigma attached. MHApps may facilitate skill building, endorse psychoeducation, and self-monitoring features to treat and improve clinical symptomatology. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate prior research studies on the effectiveness of social media tools and MHApps on various digital platforms. The study drew on governmental statistics in addition to secondary data derived from national and international journals, websites, Google and Apple app stores. Using MHApps is a potential way to enhance well-being as they provide coping strategies in the absence of clinicians and in immediate crisis situations. However, with a lack of options depending on one's preferences and features such as personalization, control, trust, poor customer service, security and unaffordability usage becomes difficult. Without awareness among people designing MHApps would be misleading. Consequently, randomized control trials (RCTs) on larger sample sizes are needed to measure the effectiveness of such apps. Despite the claims and usage of MHApps, it is evident that adherence remains seemingly low, therefore offering cost-effective ways to incorporate an array of system features and strategies to manage mental health and well-being on devices should be integrated. For legitimizing such apps intervention by professional clinicians and empirical evidence based-methods are needed in their development to help alleviate symptoms. To make MHApps more effective in the Indian context, cross-cultural differences should be examined.

Page: 111-116

Acharya Balkrishna1, Shalini Bhatt,2, Nidhi Sharma,3, Deepika Srivastava,4, and Vedpriya Arya5 (Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand1,2,3,4,5 and Department of Allied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand1)

Tribes are generally established as a stage or category of society that lacks the positive characteristics of modern culture, resulting in a simple, ignorant, and backward community. Gujarat comprises 8.1 percent of the country's Scheduled Tribe population. Relying solely on agriculture for improving the socio-economic status of the tribal communities could not serve as a reliable source because of the uneven geographical attributes of the landscape. The state government has made a concerted effort to develop Scheduled Tribes dominated areas. The State's initiatives for Scheduled Tribes have a long-term objective of improving their quality of life by enhancing and ensuring their right to schooling, health care, and economic development. This can be characterized by the State government's massive initiatives in the formation and implementation of different various programs and innovative schemes toward the sustainable livelihood and development of the tribal regions. The present study is an effort to review the insights of all the government-initiated programs that aim to enhance the socio-economic status of these schedule tribes. The study also focused to analyze the impact of these schemes on the growth of tribes without affecting their inherent culture and lifestyle.

Page: 129-131

Iftikhar Arshad (Department of Arts (History), Prabhudhan Degree College, Bhorugram, Rajgarh, Churu, Rajasthan)

In recent years, environmental preservation has risen to prominence as a subject of paramount importance on the global agenda. Respect for human rights and care for the environment are interdependent and mutually beneficial. It is essential to thoroughly investigate the connection between these two concepts in order to develop a more sustainable ecology. On the issue of health, human rights and environmental law may find common ground. Many international treaties and conventions have been signed during the last four decades to protect human rights and the environment, expanding on the work begun at the Stockholm Conference in 1973. Because of poverty and a lack of resources to protect human rights, the environment is under significant stress. This article will examine human rights' influence on environmental law and the court's role in developing environmental jurisprudence. The article continues by discussing the numerous treaties and initiatives signed by international organizations and states to safeguard human rights and improve environmental quality. The article also analyzes the government's response, as well as the courts' interpretation of international accords and laws.

Page: 134-136

Reena (Doctorate in Economics, Chanot, Hisar, Haryana)

The gravity model is a common practice base transportation costs on the distance travelled. Flow volumes and population size have a positive association, and there exists a negative association in distance and trade, i.e., when the two places in trade are separated by a great distance. Therefore, population size has a positive relation and distance has a negative relation. Empirical research also suggests that distance appears to reduce the total volume of trade in a country, and the gravity model shows the reverse relation. The present paper reviews understanding the gravity model and trade across countries.

Page: 141-143

Renu (Department of Psychology, Government PG College, Sec-1, Panchkula, Haryana)

Social intelligence is the ability of an individual to comprehend the feelings and emotions of other individuals and respond according to the situations in everyday life. Social intelligence is necessary for leading a successful life in society. According to Edward Thorndike," social intelligence is the ability to understand and manage men and women and girls, to act wisely in human relations". Therefore, understanding social intelligence in everyday life is very important to make healthy relations and avoid unhealthy and negative relationships. The present paper is focused on various aspects of social intelligence and how to improve it in everyday life.