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Pages: 386-390
Vikas Chaudhary (Department of Law, C.R. Law College, Hisar, Haryana)

In the concept of surrogacy the maternity issues seems to be at stake. Surrogate motherhood is defined as, when one woman carried the fertilized egg of another woman. Another type of surrogate motherhood is when a woman contract to carry a child for a couple and then is artificially inseminated with the sperm of husband of the commissioning couple. The surrogate mother uses her own egg in this situation the wife may be capable of producing eggs but has no womb or some other physical impediment which prevent her from carrying child. The surrogacy is used by married couples who are unable to have children due to wife's inability either to conceive or to carry foetus to term. The legitimacy of the child born out of surrogate parenthood is the issue which Indian legislation fails to answer. There is a corridor of uncertainty and haze of confusion regarding the concept of Artificial Insemination Donor (AID). So immediate legislation is the need of the hour.

Pages: 386-390Vikas Chaudhary (Department of Law, C.R. Law College, Hisar, Haryana)

Pages: 381-385
Sunita Singh, Vinod Kumari and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Gender equality and empowerment of women is recognized globally as a key element to achieve progress in all spheres of life. Democratic decentralization is best bet for good governance. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state having highest and lowest female literacy status i.e. Panchkula and Mewat, respectively. Majority of respondents were of middle age, illiterate and primary school educated. Majority of them had entered in PRI for the first time and overwhelming majority had attended training at village and block level. About 80% of them were interested to know more about PRI, their roles and responsibilities and preferred village as venue of training. Majority of respondents were having no knowledge about most of structural aspects of panchayat. Literacy advanced area had clear and positive effect on knowledge level of elected women representatives about structural and functional activities. Younger age respondents were having high knowledge level about most of panchayat activities, structural aspects and decision making. It is suggested that efforts are required for real empowerment of rural women by bringing about an attitudinal change in both men and women.

Pages: 381-385Sunita Singh, Vinod Kumari and Subhash Chander (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University…

Pages: 379-380
Sarla Rani (B. P. S. I. T. T. R, BPSMV, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana)

The present paper has as its theme that enables the achievement of equilibrium between work and family. The challenge of work-family balance is without question one of the most significant struggles faced by modern employee or particular women. In the 21st century, new technology and business restructuring are challenging the long established patterns of paid work while imposing new burdens on families, individuals and household. The term work-family balance can mean different things to different persons -and different things to same person at various points in his/her career. Work-family balance should be achieved with the help of psychologically way. If we creating and maintaining supperative and healthy work enviourment. Which will enable employees to have balance between work and personal responsibility and thus strengthen them employee loyalty and productivity. It highlight conflict is pervasive in both the domain, the work domain is seen as a slightly greater source of conflict the family domain.

Pages: 379-380Sarla Rani (B. P. S. I. T. T. R, BPSMV, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana)

Pages: 374-378
Monika Choudhry (Tika Ram College of Education, Sonepat, Haryana)

The admission Process to nursery classes has been the subject of much controversy in recent years. Private unaided schools, in particular, have come under critical scrutiny for their admission procedures. This issue has been agitating the minds of educationist, parents, jurist and all those concerned with the education of young children as to how the trauma and tension associated with the admission process can be eliminated and a child friendly method evolved. The admission procedures for these very young children between the ages of 3.5 and 5 years after consist of written/oral selection test for children, interview of children, and interview of/interaction with parents. Criteria such as siblings, neighbourhood concept, alumni, profession and educational qualifications of parents are also included by some schools in their admission criteria for short listing of candidates. As there is no common admission procedure for all the private schools of Delhi, each school has been using its own discretion in formulating a procedure and implementing it for selecting children for admission to nursery classes. In doing so, there have often been complaints that procedures used are not transparent and equitable and as a result, many parents felt unfairly treated. Since so much of the future of their children was at stake, these feelings have a legitimacy of their own.

Pages: 374-378Monika Choudhry (Tika Ram College of Education, Sonepat, Haryana)

Pages: 371-373
Mohammad Ashraf Malik (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

The present paper reviews the available evidence on the problems with quality of education among Muslims in India. In this paper an attempt is made to highlight the problems of quality education among Muslims of India. Education plays an important role in making any community developed and advanced. In the modern society education is used as a lever for equalizing economic and other opportunities for people and the quality education nurtures human talent and creativity. Muslims in India are considered educationally backwards as is reported by the Sachar committee (2006) that Muslims are not educationally backward but they are lagging behind, even schedule casts and schedule tribes. So for the upliftment of Muslims especially in the education sector there is need to ascertain the causes and concerns of their educational backwardness and to know the factors that are responsible for the low quality education among Muslims. At last, the author presents some suggestion for the future course action.

Pages: 371-373Mohammad Ashraf Malik (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

Pages: 368-370
Rakesh Sandhu (Dr. G.D. DAV College of Education for Women, Karnal, Haryana)

Education is essential for social, economical and political upliftment of the nation. ICT is being used to address various issues including education. Education drives the economic and social development in any country. Rapid emergence of new technologies necessitates that education system must keep pace with advancements in knowledge and skill. The integration of ICT in higher education is “inevitable”. Although the use of ICT is not a guarantee against all the problems of education, it does enhance the teaching learning activities and has the potential to positively impact on learning. ICT can be used for providing affordable, accessible and quality education to the masses. Emergence of technology has necessitated adopting innovative methods of teaching. The findings of the study reveal that ICT enabled instructions enhance the problem solving ability of the total sample, boys, girls, rural and urban students. This result has been supported by many studies. Bhattacharya and Sharma (2007) found that ICT help in developing higher order skills and collaborative skills. Oliver (2002) concluded that ICT enhances flexibility of programs. Cross & Adams (2007) indicated that ICT creates competition among institutions leading to improved quality and Kozma et. al, (2005) showed that ICT encourages life long learning and meets the need of employers. This may be due to the fact that ICT based instructions provides variety in the classroom situation, gives an opportunity for drill and practice, creates interest in the students and motivates them to learn and solve the problems.

Pages: 368-370Rakesh Sandhu (Dr. G.D. DAV College of Education for Women, Karnal, Haryana)

Pages: 363-367
Masri Kudrat Umar (Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gorontalo State University, Indonesia)

This study examines the influence of certification and teacher attitude on the pedagogical and professional competences of physics teachers. The study was conducted at the Center for Teacher Certification in Gorontalo. The 60 teachers involved in the study were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Three main outcomes emerged from the study: physics certified teachers showed higher pedagogic and professional competences than uncertified teachers The teacher certification program divides teachers into two groups; certified and not yet certified, of which the former are entitled to a professional allowance

Pages: 363-367Masri Kudrat Umar (Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gorontalo State…

Pages: 360-362
Jai Pal Sharma (Department of Commerce, G.B.D. College, Rohtak, Haryana)
Rajwanti Sharma (VAKM, Bahadurgarh, Haryana)
Rashmi Chhabra (Sh. L. N. Hindu College, Rohtak, Haryana)

In this throat cut competition, survival is possible only for those, who can bridge the gap to satisfy customer needs. The same applies to the pharmaceutical marketing. So the aim of pharmaceutical marketing is to concentrate more on the satisfaction of customers needs and for this it is very important to know the basic requirements and attitude of customers pertaining to the product with goal oriented services. For the development and result driven objective of the business it is very essential to adopt scientific yet different approach of promotional activity which can help company to stand ahead of the competitors. Pharmaceutical companies develop relationship management practices to enhance customer satisfaction. It is observed the most pharmacy company adopt the same traditional way to promote and sell their products. The process of selling drugs involves huge cost, time and energy so the success of brand lies in the technical promotion activity. Medical practitioners are the prime customers for pharmaceutical companies, as they decide which brand they should be prescribed to which sections of their patients in different ailments. So various marketing strategies are required as a strong weapon for convincing the doctors to prescribe products. The study has been done to take feedback from the customer (doctors) in the questionnaires format and the paper also tries to throw light on some vital factors, which influence the prescription behavior of doctors.

Pages: 360-362Jai Pal Sharma (Department of Commerce, G.B.D. College, Rohtak, Haryana)Rajwanti Sharma (VAKM, Bahadurgarh, Haryana)Rashmi…

Pages: 357-359
Vipin Koushal and Raman Sharma (Department of Hospital, Administration, GMCH, Chandigarh)
Ravinder Yadav and Varinder Saini (Department of Medical Records, GMCH, Chandigarh)
Meenakshi Sharma (School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh)
Pallvi Aggarwal (Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh)

With the notification of Biomedical Waste Management (BMW) Rules 1998, health care institutions are self responsible to dispose of BMW and it costs a significant part of overall budget of a hospital. In the BMW management, two types of costs are incurred by hospitals viz. internal and external. Internal cost is the cost for segregation, disinfection, internal storage and transportation and external cost involves off site transport and final disposal. A descriptive study was conducted in multispecialty Hospital to do cost analysis in outsourcing of BMW management. Approximately 183 Kg of infectious waste is generated daily while load of plastic and general waste is 49 kg and 1,050 Kg respectively. The total expenditure was INR 28, 60,394 after deducting the revenue generated (INR 5, 67,060/-). Load of BMW produced per bed/day is 1.84 Kg. and the hospital has to bear the expenditure of INR 7,837/- per day and INR 11.26/bed/day.

Pages: 357-359Vipin Koushal and Raman Sharma (Department of Hospital, Administration, GMCH, Chandigarh)Ravinder Yadav and Varinder…

Pages: 352-356
Komal Sharma (Department of Sociology, PGGCG-11, Chandigarh)

In general, NRI marriages are arranged in a short period of time, without proper enquiry about the particulars of the bridegrooms and finally, the poor girls becoming the victims of fraudulent marriages. The problem of NRI boys marrying girls and then running away is becoming more and more alarming. In many cases, many of these NRIs are already married and have children or there is a big gap in age. Moreover, few visit India on a short trip only, in order to allure and exploit young girls who have dreams in their eyes to go abroad. Such grooms not only sexually exploit the girls but also demand handsome dowry from the bride's family. In most of the cases, after the marriage has been solemnized the NRI husband goes back to his adopted country, leaving behind his newly-wed wife on the pretext that he would call her there very soon after making the necessary arrangements. However, after waiting for years together, the girl finds that her 'NRI husband' has not only exploited her sexually, but also left her to curse her miserable destiny for the whole life. She is oppressed and humiliated as she can't raise her voice being new to that country, away from her parents, with nobody to help her in her agony. It is not possible to uncover the different problems of victims relating to their financial, psychological, socio-cultural and legal problems in the present paper. Therefore, in the present paper an attempt has been made to throw light on the problems faced by the abandoned wives of NRI groom with special reference to the physical abuse/ torture. Violence not only causes physical injury, it also undermines the social, economic, psychological, spiritual and emotional well being of the victim, the perpetrator and the society as a whole. Violence is a major contributor to the ill health of women. Therefore, with this an attempt has also been made to highlight the various health issues of the victims.

Pages: 352-356Komal Sharma (Department of Sociology, PGGCG-11, Chandigarh)

Pages: 348-351
Supriya Dhankhar (Independent Scholar, Commerce, Rohtak, Haryana)

Today workplace stress is becoming a major issue and a matter of concern for the employees and the organizations. Occupational stressors contribute to organizational inefficiency, high staff turnover, absenteeism due to sickness, decreased quality, and quantity of practice, increased costs of health care, and decreased job satisfaction. When there is a prolonged experience of occupational stress, it leads to professional burnout. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the occupational stress and the professional burnout among bank employees in Rohtak, Haryana. For this 150 Bank Employees selected from the various private banks in Rohtak city to participate in the study. A five point rating scales to assess the occupational stress and professional burnout of private Bank employees developed by the investigators was used. Obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS 19 for descriptive statistics for mean ± 1 SD, correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results are tabulated and are discussed here under.

Pages: 348-351Supriya Dhankhar (Independent Scholar, Commerce, Rohtak, Haryana)

Pages: 343-347
Uyu Wahyudin (Faculty of Education, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia)

With only one year left before 2015, many challenges are still ahead for Indonesia to achieve the Education for All (EFA) targets. According to a study conducted in 2010, in an effort to develop a nine years compulsory education model for street children, it was established that there several factors that influence the existence of street children. This leads to varying groups of street children which comprise: of the street children, on the street children and the vulnerable children who are not getting education. The main factors leading to this situation are two: divorce of the parents because of poverty or lack of harmony in the family, which is categorized as a family problem. Second, the social and environmental problems which include: limited awareness of the society about the importance of education. With such a situation, it is necessary to propose several alternative models which can help to improve the implementation of education for the street children if governments are to meet the targets of the EFA.

Pages: 343-347Uyu Wahyudin (Faculty of Education, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia)
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