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Pages: 233-236
Maryam Naderi (Behavioral Sciences (Preschool Education), Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Ahmadali Hemmati Jeshni, Jahangir Mehr Afsha (Department of Educational Sciences, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of music on test anxiety and academic performance in third grade students of elementary school in Shiraz A disyrict. Statistical sample consisted of 48 third grade elementary school students who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and finally were matched. To measure variables karo and sheyer anxiety questionnaire (1996) and average score of students were used. The results showed that music on reducing anxiety and increasing academic performance impact.
Pages: 233-236 Maryam Naderi (Behavioral Sciences (Preschool Education), Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Ahmadali Hemmati…
Pages: 228-232
Ravneet Chawla and Amandeep Kaur (Department of Human Development and Family Relations, Government Home Science College, Chandigarh)

The present study was to investigate the happiness and inter parental acceptance and rejection among the boys and girls between the ages of 12-14 years. The current study investigated the interpersonal acceptance rejection and its sub dimensions (warmth/ affection, aggression/hostility, neglect/indifference, and rejection) gender wise, the impact of levels of interpersonal acceptance- rejection and its sub dimensions on happiness of the total sample. The findings revealed significant difference in interpersonal acceptance rejection and happiness in male and female students; the females showed better happiness and the males depicted less warmth, and more rejected feelings, than the females in the sample. Further, high happiness group was significantly higher as compared to low happiness group on parental warmth/affection. Low happiness group was significantly higher as compared to high happiness group on parental aggression/hostility, parental neglect/indifference, and parental rejection.
Pages: 228-232 Ravneet Chawla and Amandeep Kaur (Department of Human Development and Family Relations, Government Home…
Pages: 220-227
Arushi Sachdeva (Foundations of Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, University of Sussex)

Several social and psychological changes take place during the crucial phase of adolescence. This study aims to examine the impact of schooling on the self-awareness of adolescent girls in rural India as compared tothose residing in urban India. Using an interview schedule, the study purports the reasons why changes in adolescent girls occur with respect to wellbeing, cultural beliefs and values, and their aspirations and visions for the future. The findings reveal that changes in the aspirations of these young girls is a result of schooling. It is noteworthy that with time, changes in wellbeing and cultural beliefs and values are also altered. The research involves the girls to respond to statements based on how they feel about them now and how they felt about them a year ago. Thus, we find that schooling has an impact on adolescent girls awareness and internalization of sociocultural attitudes towards the future.
Pages: 220-227 Arushi Sachdeva (Foundations of Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, University of Sussex)
Pages: 211-219
Ambika Sangwan (Department of Commerce, M.D.University, Rohtak, Haryana)

The present paper is an endeavour to highlight the impacts of Gross Capital Formation and Trade Balance on GDP at factor cost of India. An attempt is also made to study the impacts of exchange rate, inflation rate (WPI) and interest rate on GDP of India. The study is purely based on secondary data the analysis of which was made through the application of Karl Pearson's coefficient of Correlation and Multi Regression OLS model (Ordinary Least Square). The study found that the Gross Capital Formation is the most important predictor of GDP with R square value of .979 and coefficient of correlation of .989. The study also found that exchange rate is the most important predictor of GDP at factor cost, Gross Capital Formation and Trade Balance among the other predictors used in study with R square values of .708, .583 and .513 respectively and coefficient of correlation of .841, .764 and .716 respectively. Though, the exchange rate is a significant factor for all outcome variables yet its impact on GDP has been greater than other two outcomes. It was further indicated through the results that if three selected independent factors remain constant, then there are other factors which are explaining GDP, Gross Capital Formation and Trade Balance up to -9513.513, -5083.572 and 7787.460 units.
Pages: 211-219 Ambika Sangwan (Department of Commerce, M.D.University, Rohtak, Haryana)
Pages: 207-210
Abolfazl Zamanipoor (Behavioral Sciences (Preschool Education) Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Jahangir Mehr Afsha and Ahmadali Hemmati Jeshni (Department of Educational Sciences, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to investigate The Relationship between spiritual intelligence with happiness and creativity in fifth grade elementary students in Shiraz. To do this, on a sample of 200 participants (parent fifth grade students), the Spiritual intelligence scale (King, 2008), Happiness questionnaire (Watson, Clark and Telgen, 1990) and Abedi creativity questionnaire (1987) were applied. The Psychometric results showed that all instruments have adequate reliability and validity. Analysis of data revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between spiritual intelligence (and its dimensions) with happiness and creativity. Also the Spiritual intelligence dimensions were predictor of happiness and creativity.
Pages: 207-210 Abolfazl Zamanipoor (Behavioral Sciences (Preschool Education) Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Jahangir Mehr…
Pages: 201-206
Hanieh Sabet (Department of Management (IMK), University of Kerala, Kerala)
K. S. Chandrasekar (School of Business Management and Legal Studies, University of Kerala, Kerala)

In the world of today's knowledge-based, knowledge assets and intellectual capital, profitability and Keep the company competitive advantage. The emergence of a knowledge-based economy, the increasing importance of intellectual capital as an intangible asset and an important source of competitive advantage a company. Reality shows the importance of intellectual capital, the gap between the book value and market value of companies, especially from the eighties onwards, which, according to most financial analysts to increase business investment in intellectual capital is concerned. The main objective of this paper is to the effect of intellectual capital on the market value of companies listed on the Stock Exchange in Tehran. In this study, to measure the intellectual capital of the Pulic and Pulic modified version was used. The period of study between 2010 and 2014 and was selected sample of 200 companies. The results of this study using panel data regression (method of least squares) suggest that there is a significant relationship between intellectual capital and market value. The results showed that the modified version of the earlier model of Public have greater explanatory power. The results showed that among the elements of intellectual capital, human capital efficiency has the greatest impact on the market value of the company.
Pages: 201-206 Hanieh Sabet (Department of Management (IMK), University of Kerala, Kerala) K. S. Chandrasekar (School of…
Pages: 195-200
Vijay Kumar R. (School of Education, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry )
M. S. Talawar (Faculty of Education, Bangalore University, Bangalore)
Kaji Abdul Kafi (Aligarh Muslim University, Murshidabad, UP )

The purpose of the study aims at determines and evaluates the interest in greening initiatives/practices among higher secondary students in relation to Gender, locality and type of school. The nature of measuring Interest in Greening initiatives measured by a inventory comprised 6 dimensions which describe the behaviour/attitude practicing in their day to day activities. This normative survey sample of 300 higher secondary students has been collected on the basis of Stratified Random Sampling technique from 7 schools of Kendriya Vidhyalaya (KV) Jawhar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) State Govt, Private and Aided Schools. The data has analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics and the results has concluded that (a) the higher secondary students have high level of interest in greening initiatives. (b) There is significant difference in the interest in greening initiatives between boys and girls students. (c) There is no significant difference in the interest in greening initiatives between rural and urban students. (d) There is significant difference in the interest in greening initiatives among four different types of school students.
Pages: 195-200 Vijay Kumar R. (School of Education, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry ) M. S. Talawar (Faculty of…
Pages: 190-194
Mohammad Hasan Rezaei and Alireza Remezanpour (Department of Educational Sciences, Darab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Darab, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to investigate some family and environmental factors affecting entrepreneurial orientation of university students. To this end, a sample of 580 students (295 females and 285 males) were selected using multistage cluster sampling technique from seven branches of Islamic Azad University including Marvdasht, Shiraz, Darab, Fasa, Lamerd, Jahrom and Firoozabad branches. The instrument used to collect the data was Kordnaeej's (2007) Entrepreneurs' Personality Traits Questionnaire that was administered to the respondents after ensuring its reliability and validity. The result of the study showed that the mean scores of the respondents on entrepreneurial approaches were higher than average and at an optimal level for the whole questionnaire and its all components except for ambiguity tolerance. In addition, no significant difference was found in the entrepreneurial approaches used by the respondents in terms of their parents' jobs and education level. However, such differences were significant in terms of parents' income and entrepreneurial orientations. In other words, the groups with higher income levels and entrepreneur parents showed more entrepreneurial orientations. It was also found that there was no significant difference between the respondents with and without entrepreneur friends. Besides, the place of residence in city or village had no impact on the respondents' entrepreneurial orientations.
Pages: 190-194 Mohammad Hasan Rezaei and Alireza Remezanpour (Department of Educational Sciences, Darab Branch, Islamic Azad…
Pages: 183-189
Habtamu Kebu Gemeda (Adama Science & Technology University, Division of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, Adama, Ethiopia)

The present study investigated the influences and web of interactions of selected experiential, learning, personality and motivational factors on business students' entrepreneurial career intentions. The selected factors include: prior exposure to entrepreneurship, perceived learning from entrepreneurship related courses, risk propensity, gender, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy belief. Sixty three (44 males and 19 females) full time two-year Master of Business Administration final year students in the academic year of 2010/11 in Department of Commerce and Management studies, Andhra University, who selected using simple random and stratified random sampling techniques fill in self-report questionnaire consisting of various scales and provided consumable data. To analyse the collected data percentage, Pearson product momentum correlation, linear regression analysis, and path analysis were employed. The analyses uncovered the followings: i. among variables considered, risk propensity, prior exposure to entrepreneurship, and perceived formal learning from entrepreneurship related courses found out to be important determinants of entrepreneurial self-efficacy belief, ii. entrepreneurial self-efficacy belief, prior exposure to entrepreneurship, and risk propensity had important direct influence on students' entrepreneurial career intentions and, iii. entrepreneurial self-efficacy belief partly mediated the influences of risk propensity and prior exposure to entrepreneurship, and fully mediated the influence of perceived formal learning from entrepreneurship related courses on entrepreneurial career intentions. Implications of the findings discussed.
Pages: 183-189 Habtamu Kebu Gemeda (Adama Science & Technology University, Division of Liberal Arts & Social…
Pages: 178-182
Gagan Deep (Department of Communication Management and Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

“Media” has penetrated very deep in the lives of human beings. This penetration is digging more with the continuous growth of information communication and technology. All the media today are trying their best to gratify the specific needs of their consumers. Few media are perceived more helpful than others in their special ways of interacting with people and the content they offer. But, the beauty of existence of a particular medium lies in the fact that it can't be replaced by any other medium. So presently, all the media are growing, keeping in mind their own targets. Here, apart from all the traditional and new media, radio catches our attention because of its all changed come back after the advent of FM culture. Further, the FM radio is increasingly popular among its prime target group of young masses. The present paper tells us the importance of radio for its prime target group in comparison to other main stream media.
Pages: 178-182 Gagan Deep (Department of Communication Management and Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and…
Pages: 175-177
Sunila Dhir (HCE, Mandola, Bhiwani, Haryana)

A major change the developing countries face today is of creating an environment conducive to the culture, economic and social development of their people. The modern world is using education increasingly as an instrument for all round development. The quality of manpower in any country ultimately determines the sustainable well being of its people.
Pages: 175-177 Sunila Dhir (HCE, Mandola, Bhiwani, Haryana)
Pages: 169-174
Pankaj Kumar (Department of Commerce, Government College, Barwala, Hisar, Haryana)

The role of advertisement in today's fast changing economic and social scenario hardly needs to be emphasised. Every entrepreneur, big or small adheres to some kind of publicity. It may be well planned, organised or just a common passing phase. This very important tool in the marketing mix of any organisation has been approached through various paths and traditions which have continuously been changing. The approaches adopted in advertisements have given them sometimes customary and traditional look and sometimes the presentations appear to be wearing a distinct and fresh look which is well taken not only by the consumers but by general public too. The various studies and researches have undoubtedly revealed positive impact of advertisement on customer's mind and have supported advertisement as a very important demand push factors. The present paper highlights on understanding advertisement and consumer behaviours.
Pages: 169-174 Pankaj Kumar (Department of Commerce, Government College, Barwala, Hisar, Haryana)
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