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Pages: 155-159
Ajapa Bhardwaj, Sushila Pareek and Nirmala Singh Rathore (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Effective teaching stimulates student curiosity and active learning, encourage analytical, logical and creative thinking and increase both their desire and capacity for future learning. The teaching effectiveness implies achieving the objectives and intended results of education and thus contributing hugely to the quality education. The present study aimed at evaluating teaching effectiveness and personality correlates of teachers. The sample of 60 teachers was taken from the management colleges of Jaipur district. The present research used the 16 PF Questionnaire for measuring pattern similarity coefficient among teachers. The results described the overall personality profile of teachers under study and revealed that the present group is more or less average on all the dimensions of 16 personality factors, except on the traits C and F the group scored below average, indicating that the present sample of teachers is emotionally less stable and sober type. On the traits B and Q1 group scored above average that means the teachers are experimenting and above average in intelligence. There is clear cut difference between present teachers group and “ideal” pattern, where the present group is distinctively less intelligent, sober, more conscientious, shy, less imaginative and less self sufficient in comparison to their “Ideal” counterparts. The studied group is average at humbleness, tender mindedness, forthrightness and experimentation. The results also disclosed pattern similarity value of individual teacher with ideal group; which also incorporates similarity and deviation of individual teachers from general population. It was indicated that only 38.33% teachers are significantly similar to the “ideal” pattern.

Pages: 155-159Ajapa Bhardwaj, Sushila Pareek and Nirmala Singh Rathore (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan…

Pages: 149-154
Anjana Prusty and Satyananda Panda (Department of Psychology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim)

The aim of the present study was to investigate mental health in relation to personality traits of school going adolescents from urban slums of Bhubaneswar, India. There are approximately 1 billion slum dwellers in the world, and projected to grow to 1.4 billion by the year 2020. Research demonstrates that children and adolescents living in slums shoulder a poor mental health and disturbed personality compared to their adult counterparts. The present study intends to get a holistic picture of the personality patterns and mental health status of school going adolescent boys and girls from urban slum areas aged 16-19 years. 60 senior secondary students (30 boys and 30 girls) from two urban slum areas of Bhubaneswar, Odisha studying in two Government Colleges (B.J.P Autonomous College and Ramadevi Women's College of Bhubaneswar) in Bhubaneswar, Odisha were selected for data collection. Mental Health Battery short form MHB-SS and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire- Revised (EPQ-R) were selected for collection of data. Overall mental health has negative and significant relationship with psychoticism which shows that since majority of the adolescents have good mental health. However, adolescent boys and girls did not differ significantly on various dimensions of mental health and personality. Policy makers in field of mental health should ensure that there is adequate and proper mental health services for those having indications of mental health problems in school going adolescents from urban slums. The results have an implication for future research.

Pages: 149-154Anjana Prusty and Satyananda Panda (Department of Psychology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim)

Pages: 144-148
Debadeepa Banerjee (Department of Psychology, Bethune College, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata)
Anjali Ray (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

Knowledge Management is the process through which organizations generate value from their intellectual and knowledge-based assets (Santosus & Surmacz, 2001). This phenomenon includes social, geo-physical, economic and cultural conditions and also social network for transformational knowledge by decision makers, who collectively constitute the emergent network pattern for quality management changes and organizational outcome (Firestone & McElory, 2005). In the highly competitive and rapidly evolving organizations, Leadership and Knowledge Management focuses on identifying and addressing agency competencies so that the promotion of organizational achievement is ensured, knowledge is shared across the organizations and an environment of continuous learning is present. With these theoretical assumptions the present study aimed to find out the nature of relationship of knowledge management with transformational leadership among the middle managers of various IT companies of Kolkata. Accordingly, the data were collected from 100 purposively selected sample groups of IT professionals, working as middle managers by using three tools namely 1. General information schedule, 2.Knowledge Management Inventory (Banerjee & Ray, 2014), and 3.Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X, Leader form (Avolio & Bass, 1995). The responses were treated for ANOVA, Correlation and Regression. The data based facts highlighted that 1. Moderate level of Knowledge Management is the general characteristic features of IT professionals of Kolkata working as middle managers, 2. The level of Knowledge Management is positively correlated with the selected attributes of transformational leadership, i.e., idealized influence (behaviour), inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation. The quantitative analysis recommended some thrust areas for policy level issues and forms of economic interventions for management of optimum utilization of knowledge base of the IT professionals.

Pages: 144-148Debadeepa Banerjee (Department of Psychology, Bethune College, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata)Anjali Ray (Department of Applied…

Pages: 139-143
Atinder Pal Kaur (Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh )

The decision to migrate is often influenced by multiple reasons and motives, which is not taken by an individual rather, is a collective decision of family members, based upon overall welfare of the home and especially of those left behind. Transitional changes among sending and receiving communities have also influenced social scientists, economists, psychologists and others to study such changes, and since long back, many studies have been done on them. What impact does parental migration leaves on their left behind children, who remain under transnational household in the countries of origin; still remains under- studied (Rajan & Nair, 2103). The absence of parents, subsequently leading to economic advantage back home, bring a lot of changes on social and psychological environment of left behind children. The aim of this paper is to study the dropout rates amongst those youngsters whose parents have migrated to Gulf countries. Data was collected through purpose sampling from migrant's houses. 6 case studies were done with left behind children to understand the phenomenon of dropout and charm of migration, as perceived by their young minds. During study , it was seen that dropout rates among children specially among boys was more , not because they were not getting good education rather, surprisingly, all the children were pass outs of private school affiliated with C.B.S.E and they also took extra tuition classes which was made possible by easy access to inflow of remittances. But for them, a high standard of living, earning money has replaced their will to learn and gain knowledge. Igniting their minds with the light of education has taken a backseat, easy access to hard-earned money of their parents abroad has diluted their passion to strive for a bright future and instead, has paved way for inclination towards materialistic goods over enrichment of their minds and hence, lives.

Pages: 139-143Atinder Pal Kaur (Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh )

Pages: 136-138
Hardeep Kaur (Department of Social Work, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in the adaptive behavior .It is a condition in which social, practical and adaptive skills are affected. Special Olympics empower athletes with intellectual disabilities and also provide them with the opportunities to learn skills that go beyond the play grounds. Special Olympics deliver opportunities for competition in a variety of sports throughout the year. The paper outlines the level and events of participation. The social and physical changes in the children with intellectual disability due to participation in Special Olympics and the problems faced by the mothers due to the participation of their children Out of the total twenty seven mothers, all the twenty one mothers whose children participated in Special Olympics were selected. Around 77.77% of the children with intellectual disability participated in Special Olympics. Majority (85.71%) of them participated at state level Olympics. More than half (52.38%) of the children participated in athletics whereas 28.57% participated in Bocce. Improvement in the self esteem and wider friends circle of their child with disability due to participation in Special Olympics were observed by 23.80% each ,of the mothers of children with intellectual disability. Around 28.57% each of the mothers saw physical changes such as enhancement in daily exercise and improvement of health in their children with disability. Some of the mothers also shared the problems faced by them .More than 42.85% of the mothers felt they were not able to give enough quality time to the siblings of the child with intellectual disability .

Pages: 136-138Hardeep Kaur (Department of Social Work, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Pages: 133-135
Naziya Hasan (Department of Teacher Education, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur)

To reach the fullest inner potentialities of children for making them successful in every venture of their life in this modern and ever changing competitive world, it is the matter of great concern to create a positive, enriching and conducive learning environment in the school, 'the second home' of the child. This positivity can be attained by nurturing the child in emotionally and intellectually safe, sound and joyful climate where his/her different capabilities, interests, attitudes and learning strategies are welcomed and appreciated in an encouraging and pleasant manner. Joyful learning, which focuses on process rather than products, is the consequence of these above given requirements and demands. It basically includes engaging, inclusive, playful and purposeful learning experience in a loving and supportive environment to make learners enjoy and get happiness in the learning process. Joy, content, delight, pleasure, satisfaction...these are the feelings which we want to attain while doing any task on regular basis from healthy morning tea to delicious dinner. How can we devoid the students of this feeling by our autocratic and rigid teaching practices? To make learners more efficient, they must be emotional resilient which can be possible by building an emotionally positive and joyful environment in the classroom. The present paper deals with the same idea of joyful learning and its creation by the teacher in an active, pleasant, cheerful and bright classroom with long-lasting effect.

Pages: 133-135Naziya Hasan (Department of Teacher Education, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur)

Pages: 129-132
Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

In India, parents often start sending their children to school around 3 and half to 4 years. School plays a formative and crucial role in the spheres of cognitive, language, emotional, social and moral development of students. Education at school level is the key and forms the basis for the future development and success of the students. Traditionally, imparting education to a child would mean teaching literacy and numeracy skills i.e. the ability to read and write and learn to identify numbers. The purpose of education at school level, however, is broader than just literacy. Its purpose is holistic development of children in terms of their intellectual, social, emotional, interpersonal, moral and spiritual abilities. The strong educational foundation can only be laid in children if the schools aim and facilitate ways and pathways for the holistic development of their students. In order to achieve this goal, the teachers and staff need to be sensitized about this and should involve students' parents too in the process. Teaching and learning is basically a collaborative process involving motivated teachers, students and their parents. The most significant aspect that need to be focused in current schooling system in India is to teach and train school students to learn to transform their knowledge into action. The purpose of the current conceptual paper is to sensitize the a) Educators, parents, policy makers and common masses about the nature and purpose of holistic schooling b) Educators, parents and policy makers about imparting training in holistic education. The holistic education aims to foster students' cognitive, emotional, behavioural, moral and spiritual abilities so that schooling in India not just focuses on literacy skills but rather the overall development of the students which will make them self-responsible and self-sufficient and later enrich their personal and professional life. This will significantly contribute in our Nation building process.

Pages: 129-132Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages: 122-128
Lucky Singh (Department of Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Over the last many decades, there is no topic that causes more controversy in special education among teachers, administrators and parents than inclusion and it may be debated for years to come due to the disagreements among educators and parents. The three basic models, segregated, integrated and inclusive special education have been differentiated by many agencies and most of agencies are in favor of inclusive special education as the most beneficial type of education for people of all ability levels as governmental agencies realized that segregation of children with challenging needs is morally unjustifiable and a violation of human rights. Government of India always leaned to inclusion and has attempted to create policies that are inclusive for people with disabilities, their implementation efforts have not resulted in an inclusive system of education, nor have they reached their goal of “education for all” across the country. Disabled children have equal right to get education as per their needs and capability. We shouldn't be striving to educate children in the least restrictive environment but rather in the most inclusive one. The universal purpose of any policies related to education is to ensure that all students gain access to education by which their information processing ability, knowledge and skills got enhanced and finally, will prepare themselves to contribute to communities and workplaces. A large body of research has identified effective instructional options for inclusive classrooms, including the use of specific educational contexts (e.g., grouping strategies), techniques, curricula, and assessment methods. Use of these strategies appears to facilitate the academic and social success of students both with and without disabilities. All students gain benefits when education is sensitive and responsive to their individual differences. Inclusive education is one of the most effective way in which we can promote a unified, incorporated, consolidated and tolerant society. Inclusive education has a range of benefits and many recipients of those benefits for example: children with and without disabilities, communities, families of children with and without disabilities and adult leaders and teachers and finally contribute to establish harmony within nation and then to world.

Pages: 122-128Lucky Singh (Department of Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Pages: 116-121
Janet Fernandes and Anuradha Kakodkar (Department of Psychology, St Xaviers College, Goa)

The present study explores efforts towards inclusive education in selected schools of North Goa. Education of persons with disability is an integral part of the educational system. Using the interview method, data is collected from selected schools based on three areas of inclusion, namely: inclusive culture, inclusive policies and inclusive practices. The data points to the fact that education in India is changing but more needs to be done to ensure that students of all levels of ability receive the education they deserve. The study makes an attempt to uncover gaps that exists between the ideal situation conceptualized in the inclusive policy and the present ground reality. Inclusive education is a big and difficult task but if it has to move from a dream to reality, there has to be a will to create a way. Inclusive education needs to have a holistic and comprehensive approach focused on the belief that 'every child is capable of learning'. The study concludes with recommendations for effective implementation of inclusive education in schools.

Pages: 116-121Janet Fernandes and Anuradha Kakodkar (Department of Psychology, St Xaviers College, Goa)

Pages: 110-115
Anit Dubey and A.K Singhal (Department of Commerce, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

The purpose of this research is to examine the role of organizational structure in employee's empowerment and the required factors in order to propose an appropriate approach for empowerment of employees. According to earlier researches related to employees empowerment consists of four traits of competence, self-determination, meaningfulness and effectiveness. Organizational structure, as one of the most important constituents of an organization will impact on its every internal process, including human resources and particularly employees' empowerment A model was designed based on the literature, linking factors of employee empowerment in an organizational structure The literature and various studies concluded that: the organizational structures plays very vital role in employee's empowerment ,more the empowerment and recognition of employees in an organization is increased, more will their motivation to work will enhance. Also there exists a positive relationship between employees and organization. The more the employees are motive to tasks accomplishment higher will the organizational performance and success. The study focuses on the practice and observance of the two main factors, empowerment and the organization structures for enhancing employee empowerment which leads to organizational effectiveness. The organizations should design their rules, policies and organizational structures that give space to the employee to work well and appreciate them on their tasks fulfillment and achievements. This will surely lead to organizational growth.

Pages: 110-115Anit Dubey and A.K Singhal (Department of Commerce, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages: 105-109
Rekha Singh (N.L. Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

In today's time when the employees working environment requires continuous presence at work place, development and implementation of engagement strategy is very important. Understanding the drivers of employee engagement can help the organization to develop a culture which attracts, retain and engage employees on their preferred work avenues physically and mentally. The present paper explored the various studies done on employee engagement. The main objective was to understand and explore on the drivers which can lead to employee engagement. After examining the various research studies it was concluded that the factors like employee empowerment, creativity, governance, training, flexible welfare policies, employee involvement programs, individual spirituality, job satisfaction, procedural justice, servant leadership style, Internal communication, personality, leadership communication styles, clear career growth opportunities, CSR activities, organization and supervision support, emotional intelligent competencies, Age etc. can lead to employee engagement. The organization have to focus on all above factors to increase the employee engagement in the organization.

Pages: 105-109Rekha Singh (N.L. Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Pages: 102-104
Harini Jayaraman and Poornima B. (Co-researcher, Language Acquisition, LAMED, Chennai )
Arunkumar A. (Chief Ideator, LAMED, Chennai)

Each student of foreign language has a different level of motivation to learn the language. This paper examines the motivation level of 191 students (between the ages of 15 and 55 years) of an international French language and culture institution. A self-reported questionnaire by Vivian Cook was used for the assessment. Five dimensions of language motivation were measured; Self-Image, Inhibition, Risk Taking, Ego Permeability and Ambiguity. The average score that the participant obtained in these five dimensions was termed the 'overall language motivation score'. Motivation levels were classified as high (48-64), above average (36-47), average (16-34) and low (below 15). The data was collected during the period of March-May 2015 and analyzed using SPSS 20. Results showed that motivation levels were; high (n=0), above average (n=35, 18.3%), average (n=155, 81.1%) and low (n=1, 0.5%). The study revealed that the majority of students lack overall motivation in learning the language, which is a factor for increasing attrition rates in higher levels of language learning. Foreign language learning classrooms should concentrate on reinforcing the intrinsic motivation through techniques that extrinsically motivate students. Further studies are required to qualitatively analyze the motivating factors and the reasons for attrition.

Pages: 102-104Harini Jayaraman and Poornima B. (Co-researcher, Language Acquisition, LAMED, Chennai )Arunkumar A. (Chief Ideator…
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