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Pages: 133-135
Naziya Hasan (Department of Teacher Education, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur)

To reach the fullest inner potentialities of children for making them successful in every venture of their life in this modern and ever changing competitive world, it is the matter of great concern to create a positive, enriching and conducive learning environment in the school, 'the second home' of the child. This positivity can be attained by nurturing the child in emotionally and intellectually safe, sound and joyful climate where his/her different capabilities, interests, attitudes and learning strategies are welcomed and appreciated in an encouraging and pleasant manner. Joyful learning, which focuses on process rather than products, is the consequence of these above given requirements and demands. It basically includes engaging, inclusive, playful and purposeful learning experience in a loving and supportive environment to make learners enjoy and get happiness in the learning process. Joy, content, delight, pleasure, satisfaction...these are the feelings which we want to attain while doing any task on regular basis from healthy morning tea to delicious dinner. How can we devoid the students of this feeling by our autocratic and rigid teaching practices? To make learners more efficient, they must be emotional resilient which can be possible by building an emotionally positive and joyful environment in the classroom. The present paper deals with the same idea of joyful learning and its creation by the teacher in an active, pleasant, cheerful and bright classroom with long-lasting effect.
Pages: 133-135 Naziya Hasan (Department of Teacher Education, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur)
Pages: 129-132
Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

In India, parents often start sending their children to school around 3 and half to 4 years. School plays a formative and crucial role in the spheres of cognitive, language, emotional, social and moral development of students. Education at school level is the key and forms the basis for the future development and success of the students. Traditionally, imparting education to a child would mean teaching literacy and numeracy skills i.e. the ability to read and write and learn to identify numbers. The purpose of education at school level, however, is broader than just literacy. Its purpose is holistic development of children in terms of their intellectual, social, emotional, interpersonal, moral and spiritual abilities. The strong educational foundation can only be laid in children if the schools aim and facilitate ways and pathways for the holistic development of their students. In order to achieve this goal, the teachers and staff need to be sensitized about this and should involve students' parents too in the process. Teaching and learning is basically a collaborative process involving motivated teachers, students and their parents. The most significant aspect that need to be focused in current schooling system in India is to teach and train school students to learn to transform their knowledge into action. The purpose of the current conceptual paper is to sensitize the a) Educators, parents, policy makers and common masses about the nature and purpose of holistic schooling b) Educators, parents and policy makers about imparting training in holistic education. The holistic education aims to foster students' cognitive, emotional, behavioural, moral and spiritual abilities so that schooling in India not just focuses on literacy skills but rather the overall development of the students which will make them self-responsible and self-sufficient and later enrich their personal and professional life. This will significantly contribute in our Nation building process.
Pages: 129-132 Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)
Pages: 122-128
Lucky Singh (Department of Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Over the last many decades, there is no topic that causes more controversy in special education among teachers, administrators and parents than inclusion and it may be debated for years to come due to the disagreements among educators and parents. The three basic models, segregated, integrated and inclusive special education have been differentiated by many agencies and most of agencies are in favor of inclusive special education as the most beneficial type of education for people of all ability levels as governmental agencies realized that segregation of children with challenging needs is morally unjustifiable and a violation of human rights. Government of India always leaned to inclusion and has attempted to create policies that are inclusive for people with disabilities, their implementation efforts have not resulted in an inclusive system of education, nor have they reached their goal of “education for all” across the country. Disabled children have equal right to get education as per their needs and capability. We shouldn't be striving to educate children in the least restrictive environment but rather in the most inclusive one. The universal purpose of any policies related to education is to ensure that all students gain access to education by which their information processing ability, knowledge and skills got enhanced and finally, will prepare themselves to contribute to communities and workplaces. A large body of research has identified effective instructional options for inclusive classrooms, including the use of specific educational contexts (e.g., grouping strategies), techniques, curricula, and assessment methods. Use of these strategies appears to facilitate the academic and social success of students both with and without disabilities. All students gain benefits when education is sensitive and responsive to their individual differences. Inclusive education is one of the most effective way in which we can promote a unified, incorporated, consolidated and tolerant society. Inclusive education has a range of benefits and many recipients of those benefits for example: children with and without disabilities, communities, families of children with and without disabilities and adult leaders and teachers and finally contribute to establish harmony within nation and then to world.
Pages: 122-128 Lucky Singh (Department of Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh)
Pages: 116-121
Janet Fernandes and Anuradha Kakodkar (Department of Psychology, St Xaviers College, Goa)

The present study explores efforts towards inclusive education in selected schools of North Goa. Education of persons with disability is an integral part of the educational system. Using the interview method, data is collected from selected schools based on three areas of inclusion, namely: inclusive culture, inclusive policies and inclusive practices. The data points to the fact that education in India is changing but more needs to be done to ensure that students of all levels of ability receive the education they deserve. The study makes an attempt to uncover gaps that exists between the ideal situation conceptualized in the inclusive policy and the present ground reality. Inclusive education is a big and difficult task but if it has to move from a dream to reality, there has to be a will to create a way. Inclusive education needs to have a holistic and comprehensive approach focused on the belief that 'every child is capable of learning'. The study concludes with recommendations for effective implementation of inclusive education in schools.
Pages: 116-121 Janet Fernandes and Anuradha Kakodkar (Department of Psychology, St Xaviers College, Goa)
Pages: 110-115
Anit Dubey and A.K Singhal (Department of Commerce, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

The purpose of this research is to examine the role of organizational structure in employee's empowerment and the required factors in order to propose an appropriate approach for empowerment of employees. According to earlier researches related to employees empowerment consists of four traits of competence, self-determination, meaningfulness and effectiveness. Organizational structure, as one of the most important constituents of an organization will impact on its every internal process, including human resources and particularly employees' empowerment A model was designed based on the literature, linking factors of employee empowerment in an organizational structure The literature and various studies concluded that: the organizational structures plays very vital role in employee's empowerment ,more the empowerment and recognition of employees in an organization is increased, more will their motivation to work will enhance. Also there exists a positive relationship between employees and organization. The more the employees are motive to tasks accomplishment higher will the organizational performance and success. The study focuses on the practice and observance of the two main factors, empowerment and the organization structures for enhancing employee empowerment which leads to organizational effectiveness. The organizations should design their rules, policies and organizational structures that give space to the employee to work well and appreciate them on their tasks fulfillment and achievements. This will surely lead to organizational growth.
Pages: 110-115 Anit Dubey and A.K Singhal (Department of Commerce, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)
Pages: 105-109
Rekha Singh (N.L. Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

In today's time when the employees working environment requires continuous presence at work place, development and implementation of engagement strategy is very important. Understanding the drivers of employee engagement can help the organization to develop a culture which attracts, retain and engage employees on their preferred work avenues physically and mentally. The present paper explored the various studies done on employee engagement. The main objective was to understand and explore on the drivers which can lead to employee engagement. After examining the various research studies it was concluded that the factors like employee empowerment, creativity, governance, training, flexible welfare policies, employee involvement programs, individual spirituality, job satisfaction, procedural justice, servant leadership style, Internal communication, personality, leadership communication styles, clear career growth opportunities, CSR activities, organization and supervision support, emotional intelligent competencies, Age etc. can lead to employee engagement. The organization have to focus on all above factors to increase the employee engagement in the organization.
Pages: 105-109 Rekha Singh (N.L. Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra)
Pages: 102-104
Harini Jayaraman and Poornima B. (Co-researcher, Language Acquisition, LAMED, Chennai )
Arunkumar A. (Chief Ideator, LAMED, Chennai)

Each student of foreign language has a different level of motivation to learn the language. This paper examines the motivation level of 191 students (between the ages of 15 and 55 years) of an international French language and culture institution. A self-reported questionnaire by Vivian Cook was used for the assessment. Five dimensions of language motivation were measured; Self-Image, Inhibition, Risk Taking, Ego Permeability and Ambiguity. The average score that the participant obtained in these five dimensions was termed the 'overall language motivation score'. Motivation levels were classified as high (48-64), above average (36-47), average (16-34) and low (below 15). The data was collected during the period of March-May 2015 and analyzed using SPSS 20. Results showed that motivation levels were; high (n=0), above average (n=35, 18.3%), average (n=155, 81.1%) and low (n=1, 0.5%). The study revealed that the majority of students lack overall motivation in learning the language, which is a factor for increasing attrition rates in higher levels of language learning. Foreign language learning classrooms should concentrate on reinforcing the intrinsic motivation through techniques that extrinsically motivate students. Further studies are required to qualitatively analyze the motivating factors and the reasons for attrition.
Pages: 102-104 Harini Jayaraman and Poornima B. (Co-researcher, Language Acquisition, LAMED, Chennai ) Arunkumar A. (Chief Ideator…
Pages: 99-101
Priyankar Singha and Souvik Raychoudhury (Department of Psychology, Calcutta University, Kolkata, West Bangal)

The present study deals with job satisfaction in private sector and public sector employees of India. Attempts were also made to assess their subjective sense of well being and level of happiness. The sample size was 700 divided into 2 groups i.e., private sector and public sector. Each group was consisted respondents age ranging between 25-50 years and having minimum 2 years of job experience. The data were collected from several departments i.e., IT sector, BPO sector, social development sector, educational sector, cultural sector, banking sector and multinational company sector as private sector and educational sector, banking sector, railway sector, medical sector, non IAS-IPS sector, clerical sector and defence sector as public sector. The results reveals that public sector employees were found to be more satisfied than the private sector employees in their job. In case of subjective sense of well being and level of happiness the mean of public sector employees were also found to be greater than the mean of private sector employees. Furthermore, significant correlation has been found between job satisfaction and level of happiness and between job satisfaction and sense of well being of the employees.
Pages: 99-101 Priyankar Singha and Souvik Raychoudhury (Department of Psychology, Calcutta University, Kolkata, West Bangal)
Pages: 95-98
Ketaki Sodhi, Mahi Luthra, and Dhvani Mehta (Department of Applied Psychology and Counselling Centre, University of Mumbai, Mumbai)

Flow is the state of consciousness wherein one is completely absorbed in one's activities, to the exclusion of all other thoughts and feelings. Being an experience of energized focus, low anxiety, and total enjoyment, it is the point of perfect harmony within the mind. This study investigated the achievement of flow in competitive versus non-competitive situations and its interaction with task difficulty. The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that performance on a task is influenced by the inverse interaction between competition and difficulty, and we predicted a similar pattern for flow. Thirty-two participants performed word search puzzle tasks manipulated on two levels of difficulty; completing them either under competitive conditions (where participants, in groups of four, were informed that they would be ranked against each other) or non-competitive conditions (where participants were simply instructed to perform the task to the best of their abilities). Supporting our hypothesis, results indicated an extremely significant interaction between competition and difficulty (p < .001); competitive conditions produce greater flow for easy tasks and non-competitive conditions for difficult tasks. However, on closer examination, we found gender differences in this interaction pattern while females adhered to this Yerkes-Dodson interaction, males showed greater flow for competitive tasks regardless of task difficulty. The implications of these findings enable educators to identify whether certain learning tasks are more conducive to competitive or non-competitive situations for the achievement of flow, depending on task difficulty and gender.
Pages: 95-98 Ketaki Sodhi, Mahi Luthra, and Dhvani Mehta (Department of Applied Psychology and Counselling Centre…
Pages: 91-94
Karandeep Kaur (Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The purpose of this study was to examine Machiavellianism and job satisfaction among secondary school teachers. A sample of 181 secondary school teachers was selected randomly from various government and private schools of Patiala and Mansa districts. The data was collected using hindi version of Mach IV scale by Rai & Gupta (1987) and Job Satisfaction Scale by Dixit (1992). To test the hypothesis 't' test and annova one way was calculated. Result showed that there was no significant gender and locale differences but significant teaching experience difference in Machiavellianism. Results further also revealed that there was no significant gender differences but significant locale difference and teaching experience difference in job satisfaction and there was significant and negative correlation between Machiavellianism and job satisfaction among secondary school.
Pages: 91-94 Karandeep Kaur (Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala)
Pages: 85-90
Priyamvada Shrivastava and Gokaran Janghel (SoS Psychology, Pt. R. S. S. University Raipur, C.G.)
Sudhanshu Bhatt (School of Regional Studies & Research Pt. R. S. S. University Raipur, Chhatisgarh)

To find out psychological reasons of dropout in the elementary and middle school going students in Chhattisgarh state (Raipur and Jashpur district). The sample size of study consists of 400 students .They were selected from different schools (primary & middle school) in session 2013-14 in Raipur &Jashpur districts. The sample size for study was selected on the basis of stratified random sampling technique in the rural and urban areas of different blocks of Raipur and Jashpur district Chhattisgarh. The survey type of research design is applying to data collection in the present study. The main components in a student education are student himself, parents & teachers. Thus to find out reasons of students drop out from the school, questionnaires were prepared to know the perception of student related to CPR (Child Parent Relationship), PF (peer factor), IS (interest in studies), TSR (teacher student relationship). An attempt was made to find out the students opinion on these aspects which may force them to dropout from the school. The factors related to student dropout were also examined. For this purpose MANOVA was computed. present study showed following factors responsible for dropouts :- migration, low interest in studies for student and parents, economic conditions for parents, lack of basic facilities in home, education level of parents, lack of fear for parents and teachers, and lack of respect for teacher and parents.
Pages: 85-90 Priyamvada Shrivastava and Gokaran Janghel (SoS Psychology, Pt. R. S. S. University Raipur, C.G.) Sudhanshu…
Pages: 79-84
Pankaj Suvera (Department of Psychology, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat )

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of Types of students, sex and types of faculty of the college students on sexual attitude. The sample for the study comprised of 120 Tribal and 120 Non-Tribal college students from Arravalli and Sabarkantha District. Tribal and Non-Tribal college students were selected from various Arts and Science college in Arravalli and Sabarkantha. Personal data sheet and Abraham, (1997) sexual attitude scale were used to collect the required data. 2x2x2 factorial design was planned where types of students, sex and types of faculty were considered as independent variables and sexual attitude as dependent variables. Accordingly, 2x2x2 ANOVA was carried out to test the hypothesis. Results revealed significant difference between Tribal and Non-Tribal College students on sexual attitude. The non-tribal college student's sexual attitude is more than the tribal college students. The male college student's sexual attitude is more than the female college students. The Science college student's sexual attitude is more than the Arts college students. There is significant mean interaction effect of the sexual attitude in the types of student and sex of the college students. There is significant mean interaction effect of the sexual attitude in the types of student and types of faculty of the college students. The interaction effects (B x C) and (A x B x C) are not significant
Pages: 79-84 Pankaj Suvera (Department of Psychology, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat )
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