International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is an indexed, peer-reviewed and refereed journal published quarterly by the Indian Association of Health, Research, and Welfare (IAHRW). International Journal of
Education and Management Studies likely aims to promote research and
knowledge dissemination in the fields of education and management. Its
objectives include fostering academic discussions on innovative teaching
methodologies, educational policies, leadership strategies, human resource
management, and organizational behavior. The journal focuses on areas such as
pedagogy, curriculum development, educational psychology, business management,
entrepreneurship, and corporate governance. Its goals are to publish
high-quality, peer-reviewed research, encourage interdisciplinary
collaboration, and contribute to the practical application of education and
management theories for academic and professional growth. The journal is indexed with ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58. IJEMS is being published regularly since 2011. For more details write to us to iahrw2019@gmail.com
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103, 7988885490
Publisher: IAHRW Publications
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly (March, June, September and December)
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58
CHIEF EDITOR
Sunil Saini, PhD
Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare, Hisar, Haryana, India
EDITORS
David Bennett, PhD, Charisma University, USA S. C. Kundu, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
B.K. Punia, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
Mahesh Thakur, PhD, Karve Institute of Social Sciences, Pune
Jaspreet Kaur, PhD, Punjabi University, Patiala
Vandana Punia, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Munish Nagpal, PhD, Deputy Commissioner, Govt of Haryana
Sangeeta Trama, PhD, Punjabi University Patiala
Sandeep Singh, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
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Author’s guidelines:
International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is a peer-reviewed research journal published quarterly by Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare. The IJEMS is indexed with ProQuest, J-Gate, etc. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of scientific excellence in the area of Education, Psychology and Management Studies and other related fields. IJEMS is published Quarterly (March, June, September and December).
Manuscripts should be submitted in the format outlined in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition) and should be sent via email at iahrw2010@gmail.com. The papers are reviewed by professional reviewers who have specialized expertise in the respective area, and to judge the quality of the paper in a time bound and confidential manner. The paper shall be review by double blind review process.
Permission
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Online Submission
Please follow the hyperlink “Submit online” on the right and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.
The title page should include:
• The name(s) of the author(s)
• A concise and informative title
• The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the author(s)
• The e-mail address, and telephone number(s) of the corresponding author
Abstract
Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.
Keywords
Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.
Main Text
Manuscripts should be submitted in Word.
Tables
Tables should be as per APA format
References
References should be as per APA format as follows
• Journal article
Panda, T., Lamba, V., Goyal, N., Saini, S., Boora, S., Cruz. (2018). Psychometric Testing in Schools. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8(2), 213–245.
• Article by DOI
Slifka, M. K., & Whitton, J. L. (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Journal of Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1007/s001090000086
• Book
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Book chapter
O’Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men’s and women’s gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107–123). New York: Springer.
• Online document
Abou-Allaban, Y., Dell, M. L., Greenberg, W., Lomax, J., Peteet, J., Torres, M., & Cowell, V. (2006). Religious/spiritual commitments and psychiatric practice. Resource document. American Psychiatric Association.
https://web.archive.org/web/20100308014645/http://www.psych.org:80/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200604.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2007.
Copyright form
Authors will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher (or grant the Publisher exclusive publication and dissemination rights). This will ensure the widest possible protection and dissemination of information under copyright laws.
Proof reading
The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor. After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.
Ethical Guidelines for the author
• Authors should adhere to publication requirements that submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere in any language. Work should not be submitted concurrently to more than one publication unless the editors have agreed to co-publication. If articles are co-published this fact should be made clear to readers.
• Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) should be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement.
• Relevant previous work and publications, both by other researchers and the authors’ own, should be properly acknowledged and referenced.
• Data, text, figures or ideas originated by other researchers should be properly acknowledged and should not be presented as if they were the authors’ own
• All sources of research funding, including direct and indirect financial support, supply of equipment or materials, and other support (such as specialist statistical or writing assistance) should be disclosed.
• Authors should disclose the role of the research funder(s) or sponsor (if any) in the research design, execution, analysis, interpretation and reporting
• The research literature serves as a record not only of what has been discovered but also of who made the discovery. The authorship of research publications should therefore accurately reflect individuals’ contributions to the work and its reporting.
• In cases where major contributors are listed as authors while those who made less substantial, or purely technical, contributions to the research or to the publication are listed in an acknowledgement section, the criteria for authorship and acknowledgement should be agreed at the start of the project.
• Researchers should ensure that only those individuals who meet authorship criteria (i.e. made a substantial contribution to the work) are rewarded with authorship and that deserving authors are not omitted. Institutions and journal editors should encourage practices that prevent guest, gift, and ghost authorship.
• All authors should agree to be listed and should approve the submitted and accepted versions of the publication. Any change to the author list should be approved by all authors including any who have been removed from the list. The corresponding author should act as a point of contact between the editor and the other authors and should keep co-authors informed and involve them in major decisions about the publication (e.g. responding to reviewers’ comments).
• Authors should work with the editor or publisher to correct their work promptly if errors or omissions are discovered after publication.
• Authors should abide by relevant conventions, requirements, and regulations to make materials, reagents, software or datasets available to other researchers who request them. Researchers, institutions, and funders should have clear policies for handling such requests. Authors must also follow relevant journal standards. While proper acknowledgement is expected, researchers should not demand authorship as a condition for sharing materials.
• Authors should follow publishers’ requirements that work is not submitted to more than one publication for consideration at the same time.
• Authors should inform the editor if they withdraw their work from review, or choose not to respond to reviewer comments after receiving a conditional acceptance.
• Authors should respond to reviewers’ comments in a professional and timely manner.
• Appropriate approval, licensing or registration should be obtained before the research begins and details should be provided in the report (e.g. Institutional Review Board, Research Ethics Committee approval, national licensing authorities for the use of animals).
• If requested by editors, authors should supply evidence that reported research received the appropriate approval and was carried out ethically (e.g. copies of approvals, licences, participant consent forms).
• Researchers should not generally publish or share identifiable individual data collected in the course of research without specific consent from the individual (or their representative). Researchers should remember that many scholarly journals are now freely available on the internet, and should therefore be mindful of the risk of causing danger or upset to unintended readers (e.g. research participants or their families who recognise themselves from case studies, descriptions, images or pedigrees).
• The appropriate statistical analyses should be determined at the start of the study and a data analysis plan for the prespecified outcomes should be prepared and followed.
• Researchers should publish all meaningful research results that might contribute to understanding. In particular, there is an ethical responsibility to publish the findings of all clinical trials. The publication of unsuccessful studies or experiments that reject a hypothesis may help prevent others from wasting time and resources on similar projects. If findings from small studies and those that fail to reach statistically significant results can be combined to produce more useful information (e.g. by meta-analysis) then such findings should be published.
• Authors should supply research protocols to journal editors if requested (e.g. for clinical trials) so that reviewers and editors can compare the research report to the protocol to check that it was carried out as planned and that no relevant details have been omitted. Researchers should follow relevant requirements for clinical trial registration and should include the trial registration number in all publications arising from the trial.
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com,
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
Peer Review
All content of the International Journal of Education and Management Studies is subject to peer-review. The Editor first checks and evaluates the submitted manuscript, examining its fit and quality regarding its significance, manuscript format, research quality. If it is suitable for potential pubication, the Editor directs the manuscript for Plagiarism check, and the minimum similarity acceptable is below 20% without references. After that, editor directs the manuscript to two reviewers, with both being experts in the field. This journal employs double-blind review, wehre the author and referee remains anonymous througout the process. Referees are asked to avaluate whetehr the manuscript is original, makes a theoretical contribution to the study, methodoogy is sound, follos appropriate ethical guidelines, whether the results are clearly presented and sufficient supporting studies are given and support the conclusion. The time for evaluation is approximately one month. The Editor’s decision will be sent to the author with recommendations made by the referees. Revised manuscripts might be returned to the initial referees who may then request another revision of the manuscript. After both reviewer’s feedback, the Editor decides if the manuscript will be rejected, accepted with revision needed or accepted for publication. The Editor’s decision is final. Regerees advise the Editor, who is responsible for the final decision to accept or reject the article.
Compaint policy
We ain to respond to and resolve all complaints quickly. All complaints will be acknowledged within a week. For all matters related to the policies, procedures, editorial content, and actions of the editorial staff, the decision of the Editor-in-Chief shall be final. The procedure to make a complaint is easy. It can be made by writing an email to editor: iahrw@iahrw.org
Confict of Interest Policy
Transparency and objectiity in research are essential for publication in this journal. These principles are strictily followed in our peer review process and decision of publication. Manuscript submissions are assigned to reviewers in an effort to minimize potential conflicts of interest. After papers are assigned, individual reviewers are required to inform the editor-in-chief of any conflict.
Page: 66-69
Bharti and Rajesh Dahiya (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, I.C. College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy which plays the most significant role in the socio-economic development of the country. In India, Agriculture contributes about 17-18 percent of the GDP (Economic survey 2017-18) and 10 percent of total exports. Indian Agriculture, a mixture of agro ecological conditions interspersed with equally diverse levels of land holding has got all the elements of the successful enterprise. The present study under RKVY project was conducted Hisar and Fatehabad districts of Haryana. Five days training along intervention was provided in four villages namely Kharad Alipur and Gawar (Hisar) Dharania and Aherwan (Fatehabad) to 120 rural women by selecting 30 from each village and each training. Trainings were imparted on four aspects on post-harvest intervention and value-addition. Utility and coverage of training was assessed in terms of training effectiveness index which was found highest for post-harvest intervention & value-addition in vegetables 82.11%, fruits 79.44%, wheat 79.03% and pulses 76.73 percent respectively. Utility scores were found highest for methods of value-addition and post-harvest interventions in vegetables WMS 2.53, mixed vegetable pickle WMS 2.5 and garlic and ginger pickle WMS 2.49 respectively. Page: 66-69
Bharti and Rajesh Dahiya (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management, I.C. College of… |
Page: 70-73
Sushmita Upadhyay (Department of Psychology, M.G. P.G. College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh)
There are numerous psychological factors which plays a significant role to cope up with different kinds of adversities in facing with various health problems. This study throws light on the health problems of the patients who had undergone through surgical treatment. The total sample consisted 150 participants. 75 participants from patient group and 75 participants from non-patient group. Patient group of respondents were found to be significantly differ on various antecedent psychological variable as compare to non-patients group of participants. The result also revealed that the both group also differs with each other. Page: 70-73
Sushmita Upadhyay (Department of Psychology, M.G. P.G. College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh) |
Page: 74-80
Anoop Kumar Singh1, A. P. Singh2, and Amish3 (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh1,2, and Department of Psychology, Feroze Gandhi College, Rae Bareli, University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh3)
The purpose of this paper is to study the role of employee engagement (EE) in organizational effectiveness (OE). To do so, in this research paper a hypothetical model has been given to show the relationship between EE and OE with dimension and overall. Using a survey-based methodology and online questionnaires, responses were obtained from participants/employees (N=262) of different public sector organizations in India. For analyzing the data, correlation and stepwise regression analysis have been performed with the help of SPSS 20. The results of correlation coefficients indicate that physical engagement, emotional engagement, cognitive engagement and overall employee engagement were found significantly positively correlated with innovation, productivity, interpersonal relationship, satisfaction and overall organizational effectiveness. Results of stepwise multiple regression analysis indicates that emotional, cognitive and physical engagement emerged as significant predictors for innovation. Emotional and cognitive engagement emerged as significant predictors for productivity. Emotional, cognitive and physical engagement emerged as significant predictors for interpersonal relationship. Emotional, cognitive and physical engagement emerged as significant predictors for satisfaction. Emotional, cognitive and physical engagement emerged as significant predictors for overall organizational effectiveness. The findings add the empirical support for the study variables. The results suggest that amelioration of organizational effectiveness depends on various independent variables but employee engagement is also one of the most effective variables. It will be useful in providing the understanding on the topic with empirical evidence and suggest the measures to improve the policies and intervention program of organizations so that employee engagement increases and organizations can achieve overall effectiveness. Page: 74-80
Anoop Kumar Singh1, A. P. Singh2, and Amish3 (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social… |
Page: 81-84
Suresh Kumar R. (Department of Management, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat)
Performance Appraisal system is a critical activity of any Organization. Organization traditionally has been following conventional system of appraising employee that is primarily meant to reward and recognize employees. However good a system in an Organization there is still a need to design a robust system that ascertains that individual performance should able to drive Organizational performance. Organization focussing on growth is directly related to the performance of its employees as the Organization is made of people and people performance is the only indicator that determines the growth. Performance management system in an Organization should account for the individual accountability and all the stake holders responsible for performance need to support each other and ensure that the they take equal responsibility in ensuring that each of their team members irrespective of functions perform individually and collectively. The new method of managing performance, Management by Action (MBA) is a deliberate tool to remove the gridlock in any conventional system. This article primarily throws light into emergence of new system that by far create a systemic process and steps that is important for performance of employees and Organization Page: 81-84
Suresh Kumar R. (Department of Management, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat) |
Page: 85-89
Nayanika Singh1 and Gurnoor Kaur Suri2 (Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration, Sector 26, Chandigarh, Govt. of Punjab, Punjab1 and Department of Psychology Student, Sanskriti School, New Delhi2)
The inexorable pattern of physical isolation posed by the unprecedented occurrence of COVID-19 has reaped the inevitable consequence of an unparalleled system of socialization never anticipated by mankind. Prohibiting traditional means of socialization to be utilised and executed in normalcy, the pandemic posed isolation has coerced us to rethink the route to effective socialization, the cohort of the student population victimized to an escalated extent thus, essentializing the introduction of an advanced means of socialising during COVID-19, labelled as Covidalization, a term invented by Vardhan in 2020. Disassociating socialisation from its traditional sources of practice and shaping it in a state adaptive of covid norms, the present paper highlights techniques and strategies which can be effectively employed to socialise during the pandemic phase, particularly directed towards students. Page: 85-89
Nayanika Singh1 and Gurnoor Kaur Suri2 (Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of… |
Page: 90-92
Neeraj Gupta and Sachin Sharma (Department of Management, CT University Ludhiana, Punjab)
Reduction of carbon footprints and promotion of environmentally friendly practices are needed for sustainable development. Banking sector, which is used by majority of the people is adopting environmental management practices to keep the environment clean and green. Banks contribute in safeguarding our environment by their internal as well as external activities. Unless and until customers do not feel comfortable in using green banking services, the nature is in danger. There is need to identify factors which lead to awareness and thus, adoption of green banking services by customers. The present paper reviewed various studies to create an understanding of relationship between socio-economic variables and green banking. The Socio-economic variables such as education, age, income and location were found as major determinants of green banking among customers. Page: 90-92
Neeraj Gupta and Sachin Sharma (Department of Management, CT University Ludhiana, Punjab) |
Page: 93-101
Kanudarpan Kaur Setia, Gagandeep Banga, Babita Kumar, and Palak Talwar (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
The present study was undertaken to study the level of environmental responsibility among consumers and their attitude towards eco-friendly products in Ludhiana district according to Municipal Corporation, Ludhiana is divided in to four zones Zone A, Zone B, Zone C, and Zone D. For the study, a list of some localities selected from each zone on random basis. From each locality, 50 persons were selected for Simple Random Sampling. Thus, a total of 200 respondents were selected for this study. The study showed that 68 percent of the respondents considered themselves to be environmentally responsible. Global warming and Waste disposal were the most important factors according to the respondents those are concerned for the environment. So, they were asked to understand the statements of their environment responsibility in Eco scale and it was found that these respondents had high level of environment responsibility especially towards the parameters “Willingness to Act”, “Action Taken” and “Knowledge towards environment responsibility”. Further, the attitude of the respondents towards eco-friendly practices, and eco-friendly products was studied. Organic food and cosmetic products were the most important eco-friendly products that the respondents would prefer to purchase. The study revealed that the respondents were ready to pay a premium price for eco-friendly products and were satisfied with eco-friendly products that they purchased. Page: 93-101
Kanudarpan Kaur Setia, Gagandeep Banga, Babita Kumar, and Palak Talwar (School of Business Studies… |
Page: 102-106
Poonam (Haryana School of Business, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)
The main focus of this paper is to find the relationship between outsourcing motivators and partnership quality in outsourcing of recruitment process. The objective has been accomplished through studying the number of literature and generating the conclusions originate in it. It is found that there is a positive and significant relationship between RPO motivators and partnership quality. The partnership quality is reflected in improving motivators of RPO. Page: 102-106
Poonam (Haryana School of Business, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana) |
Page: 107-110
Bashir Ahmad Naseri (Department of Management, RIMT University, Punjab)
The factor of organizational success or failure is human. Management is delegated by organizational power, whose function is more related to performing technical and executive tasks and maintaining the status quo in organizations, while leadership benefits from the power and influence of the individual who plays a key role in developing and implementing policies such as reforming the structure and processes in the organization. Is in charge. If management establishes a correct and logical relationship with people so that it identifies their individual needs and pays attention to those needs, it can legitimately use its human resources in line with organizational goals. Solving human problems requires recognizing the components of human personality and examining its changes and developments. Therefore, the components of leadership can be summarized as follows: 1- The ability to use power successfully. 2- The ability to understand that human beings are stimulated by different factors at different times and in different situations. 3-The ability to inspire others. 4-The ability to act in a way that leads to creating an atmosphere full of emotions and feelings in the organization and can motivate people. Page: 107-110
Bashir Ahmad Naseri (Department of Management, RIMT University, Punjab) |
Page: 111-113
Sona Raghuvanshi (Amity Global Business School, Mumbai, Maharashtra)
Like any other aspect of life, education is going through the process of transformation and the role of MOOCs is extremely significant in this regard. In this paper we will discuss MOOC, its evolution, trends and challenges faced by it. The advent of MOOCs has accelerated the transformation of education by making quality education accessible to all through courses that are either free or are available at a nominal rate. It is massive and open as it can be accessed by all on a virtual platform without having any entry qualification. MOOCs involve course material, video lessons and automated quizzes to keep the learners interested. Started in 2008 and made popular in 2012, MOOCs are a big step towards democratizing education by making courses prepared by greatest universities accessible to all who are keen. By offering quality education at no or reasonable cost it has become favorite tool for skilling, reskilling and up skilling. Lack of infrastructure and high attrition rate of learners have been identified as the main challenges, whereas the emphasis on more flexible and paid courses for shorter duration are discussed as the trend. Another trend is the organizational support to online learning for learning and development of the employees. Page: 111-113
Sona Raghuvanshi (Amity Global Business School, Mumbai, Maharashtra) |
Page: 01-08
Rosamma Alexander1 and Clarissa F. Delariarte2 (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines1, Department of Clinical Psychology, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines2, De La Salle University, Taft, Manila, Philippines2, Far Eastern University Graduate School, Morayta, Manila, Philippines2)
The new millennium witnessed rapid growth in information technology with the advent of new tools and increased usage across the geographical and populations. Presently social media and internet usage have turned out to be inevitable tools for the efficient functioning of everyday life. This has tremendously increased on the one hand virtual connectivity with eased communication and the risks of addictive use of social media among adolescents on the other hand. This study sought to explore the motives which drive Indian adolescents to social media platforms and the adverse effects on their lives. The current study draws comprehensive awareness into adolescents' lived experiences regarding social media use through in-depth semi-structured interviews with seven adolescents and a focus group discussion of ten. The data were analyzed in the light of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and found the emerging themes. In this paper, seven superordinate themes were found along with their subordinate themes. They are the causal factors of social media addiction and secondly the adverse effects of the use of social media on adolescents' lives. Page: 01-08
Rosamma Alexander1 and Clarissa F. Delariarte2 (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila… |
Page: 09-12
Sheeba John and Lucila O. Bance (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)
Postpartum depression is a highly neglected issue after childbirth as far as the mother is concerned and is rarely addressed though women's health has currently turned out to be a global concern. Since the Postpartum depression affects the whole society, not just the newborn, its mother, and the family, it has to be treated as a severe health concern. The present study aims to validate and test the efficacy of the Acceptance-focused Process Intervention (API) On Postpartum Depression and Emotional Intelligence Among Postpartum Women. The study will employ Conklin's program developmental model as the research design and Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) and the Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) as research instruments for data collection. Interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) will be conducted with participants and experts to explore the key issues. To determine the structural consistency, adaptability, and feasibility of Acceptance-focused Process Intervention (API), expert evaluation and pilot study will be carried out. The study will use a true experimental design to validate API. Non-parametric statistical tools will be utilized to analyze the research results based on the study objectives and the nature of the data. API is expected to be proven as an efficient tool to reduce postpartum depression and enhance emotional intelligence with improved emotions and behaviors. Page: 09-12
Sheeba John and Lucila O. Bance (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila… |
