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Pages: 443-445
Mamta Rani (Department of Commerce, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The present study was carried out with an aim to examine various aspects of consumer behavior relating selection and purchase of cosmetics by Indian women. A total of 200 educated women in the age range of 20 to 45 years answered on a questionnaire consisting of 30 structured statements. In order to find systematic trend of opinion, if any, among the respondents obtained data were treated statistically through chi-square test. The results revealed a number of significant trends suggesting the way Indian middle class women conceptualize the usage of cosmetics. Majority of the respondents opine that usage of cosmetic products enhances their personality and they feel good in using the cosmetic products. Their purchase is amply influenced by the brand image, long-term effects, fragrance, and value for money. Majority of them prefer to buy the articles of their brand choice from exclusive stores. It is a point of common realization that most of the advertisements are exaggerated, hence they rely only on those advertisements which are in good match of product appeal and product satisfaction. The advertisements appearing in magazines attract most to the lager section of female consumers.

Pages: 443-445Mamta Rani (Department of Commerce, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 439-442
Kavita Chauhan (Department of Law, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana)

In the past decade, the problem of environment degradation and ecological imbalance has become a world-wide concern. The United Nations first major conference on international environmental issues was held at Stockholm in 1972. It attracted a wide publicity because a wide range of specific environmental issues were discussed for the protection of human environment. Since then India is constantly making its sincere efforts to protect the environment globally. When Indian constitution was enforced on 26th January 1950, there were no direct and specific provisions related to the protection of environment. However, there was an indirect reference regarding the protection of environment under Article 47, which tells about the State obligation regarding raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of the people and the improvement of public health. It was the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1976, through which some provisions related to environment were inserted in the Constitution. Article 48(A), related to wildlife, was introduced in the chapter of Directive principles of state policy. The Environment Protection Act 1986, the Wildlife Protection Act 1972 as amended in 1986, the Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Act 1974 and the Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act 1981 are among the important steps taken under article 48(A). Another important Article 51A(g) was introduced in the chapter of Fundamental duties by 42nd Amendment Act which states that, “it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, rivers, lakes, and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures. Under Article 21, the Right to life is a fundamental right which includes the right of enjoyment of pollution free water and air for full enjoyment of life. And if there is any danger to this right to life, citizens have right to have recourse of Article 32 for removing the pollution and ensuring the healthy life. In addition, there are some other provisions in the constitution such as Article 248, 252 and 253, in view of which environmental laws can be enacted by the Parliament. Keeping above views in mind, Judiciary has been playing constructive role as the protector of the Constitution and the interests of the people. Most of the environment related issues/cases have been decided through public interest litigations.

Pages: 439-442Kavita Chauhan (Department of Law, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana)

Pages: 435-438
Ankur Sangwan (Teaching Associate, DBA, CDLU Sirsa, Haryana)

Focuses on how national travel and tourism authorities can market a country as a tourist destination, with particular reference to the marketing of India. India is going to be far the most important tourist generating countries for world and there has been a recent substantial increase in the value of national and international travel and tourism revenues and promising future prospects. However, there is little research emphasizing specific marketing and distribution strategies that may be applied by travel and tourism organisations, airlines and intermediaries to market a tourist destination successfully in overseas markets. This research collected data using in-depth interviews with 10 experienced practitioners in India, and analyzed the data with a rigorous case study methodology. The results of this research assist in clarifying the conceptual issues provided in the literature, linking theoretical marketing knowledge about strategies in the discipline of national & national and international travel and tourism marketing.

Pages: 435-438Ankur Sangwan (Teaching Associate, DBA, CDLU Sirsa, Haryana)

Pages: 432-434
Parveen Vashisth (Teaching Associate, DBA, CDLU, Sirsa, Haryana)

This paper presents the results of a study designed to test the effects of television advertising and interpersonal communications on the teenager's consumer behavior. The effects of such communication processes on teens are evaluated in the context of household decision making. Specifically, the research examines the effects of television advertising and e-advertising, family and peer communications about consumption on the child's participation in household decision making.

Pages: 432-434Parveen Vashisth (Teaching Associate, DBA, CDLU, Sirsa, Haryana)

Pages: 430-431
Ajay Kumar (Geography Student, Hisar, Haryana)
Monika (Department of Sociology, College of Basic Sciencese, CCSHAU, Hisar)

Literacy is a development indicator which has utilitarian and aesthetic values. Literacy and education promote the quality of life and influencing the demographic profile of a nation. The census of India defines literacy as the ability to read & write with understanding in any language. Any person aged seven & above is considered for the ability of literacy. With the help of literacy analysis one can know about the socio-economic progress of a state, it also provides a huge information about the population profile of a country. The present paper is related with the literacy analysis of the Haryana state based on census of India, 2011 to know about the literacy variation among the different parts of the state. The literacy rate of Haryana (2001 & 2011) is above the national average literacy rate. The study tells about the literacy trend in Haryana with its effecting factors.

Pages: 430-431Ajay Kumar (Geography Student, Hisar, Haryana)Monika (Department of Sociology, College of Basic Sciencese, CCSHAU…

Pages: 427-429
Saroj (Department of Political Science, CMKNP Girls College, Sirsa, Haryana)

Environmental ethics deals with issues that are related to the resources which we utilize and distribute. Can individuals justifiably use resources so differently that one individual uses resources many times more lavishly than other individuals who have barely enough to survive? The just distribution of resources has global, national and local concerns that we need to address. There are rich and poor nations, communities and families. In this era of modern economic development, the disparity between the haves and have-nots is widening. This unequal distribution of wealth and access to land and its resources is a serious environmental concern. The question arises is who pays for the cost of environmental degradation? Most sections of the society do not feel the direct effects of degradation of the environment till it is too late. The most sufferers are the poor, especially rural women, and tribal people who are dependent on forests. . All these effects can be linked to unsustainable increasing pressures on land and natural resources. These people thus require a different pattern of environment education related to their gaps in information. With the rapidly changing rural scenario the development that is thrust on unsuspecting rural communities needs to be addressed through locale specific environment awareness programs designed specifically for rural school children and adults. This must also use their local traditional knowledge systems as a base on which modern concepts can be built, rather than by fostering concepts that are completely alien to their own knowledge systems. Therefore there is a need for some possible solutions which are admissible for all the nations and communities in the world.

Pages: 427-429Saroj (Department of Political Science, CMKNP Girls College, Sirsa, Haryana)

Pages: 423-426
Parveen Vashisth (Teaching Associate, DBA, CDLU, Sirsa, Haryana)

Internet marketing is also known as website marketing, online marketing and also better known as marketing of products or services on the Internet or marketing websites or at the own website of the organisation (Story, Louise and com Score , 2008]. It is a very beneficial way for organisations to introduce their services or products to their customers. The most interconnectivity nature of Internet marketing in terms of providing quick response and working on received responses, is a unique quality of the Internet Marketing [www.nytimes.com, 2008). This paper highlights on the fact that Internet marketing is considered to have a vast scope because it not only specifies to the Internet, e-mail, and wireless features. Internet marketing provides creative and technical aspects of the Internet, which consists of designing, development, advertising, and sales. It is the most suitable process for various companies and organisations to introduce their products and their required services online. Companies can target customers according to their areas of interests, or even they can work for their targeted products towards the customers belonging to a specific region or nation. Internet Advertising has the most crucial feature of modifying, tracking and testing their products in a very quick form as they receive feedback from their customers very quickly and even receive responses indirectly as when the customers click on their choice of products it gradually goes into the advertiser's log book by which the interests of the customers can be easily traced, their likings for their products, their features etc and by this means instant reports can be generated and new designs or product features can be developed soonest to suit the needs of the customers.

Pages: 423-426Parveen Vashisth (Teaching Associate, DBA, CDLU, Sirsa, Haryana)

Pages: 419-422
Ankur Sangwan (Teaching Associate, DBA, CDLU, Sirsa, Haryana)

Education is now a global product with institutions worldwide competing for students and finding ever more creative ways to satisfy student needs and preferences. With the continuing rise in the preference for flexible distance learning, educational institutions are finding that when students and faculty have significantly different cultural backgrounds and learning styles that the expectations of the learning experience can be unfulfilled. In first considering marketing in education we very swiftly articulate general questions such as: “just what makes our school or university different?”, “who exactly are our customers?”, and “how can we compete with other providers?” They are general but of course deceptively simple and even the specification of 'who is the customer' require some consideration. There are actually many definitions of what marketing are, some more general in scope than others and perceptions are constantly being reviewed.

Pages: 419-422Ankur Sangwan (Teaching Associate, DBA, CDLU, Sirsa, Haryana)

Pages: 414-418
Namitha Elizabeth Jacob and Baby Shari (Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Kerala)

Though a widely used and researched area, there still exists a lack of clarity with regard to the general understanding of Organizational Effectiveness and this goes true for academic institutions as well. The system of education needs to conduct its own research into the identification of the variables and factors associated with effectiveness. This paper attempts to understand the basis of attaining effectiveness in academic institutions and also attempts to reflect on the ways in which effectiveness can be enhanced.

Pages: 414-418Namitha Elizabeth Jacob and Baby Shari (Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Kerala)

Pages: 409-413
Vandana Sharma (Department of Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Depression is a serious problem that impacts every aspect of a teen's life. It's impossible to isolate one single factor as the cause of depression. Rather, it likely results from a combination of many factors such as loneliness, lack of social support from family, peers, neighbours etc. Some other factors such as career indecision which means when an individual chooses inappropriate career, also makes the individual depressed. Pressure from the family for academic performance or to choose career or subjects according to the parents' interest, also makes individual more depressed. The present study was attempted to find relationship between depression and career decision-making (career decidedness and career indecision) among adolescents. For this 176 students studying in Government Senior Secondary Schools of Una district in class XI were selected. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996) and Career Decision-Making Inventory (CDMI; Singh, 1999) were administered to students. The results of present study showed that there was a significant negative relationship exists between depression and career decidedness and a significant positive relationship exists between depression and career indecision. These correlations showed that depression was significantly correlated with career decision-making. Also, the results of present study showed significant gender difference on the variables of depression and career decision-making (career decidedness and career indecision). This showed that girls were more depressed as compared to boys. Boys were more decided about career and girls showed more indecision for career choice. Also for stream differences, the results of present study showed that there was a significant difference exists on the variables of depression and career decidedness between science, arts, and commerce stream students but no significant difference exists on the variable of career indecision between science, arts, and commerce stream students. This showed that arts and commerce students were more depressed than science students and arts students were more depressed than commerce students. Also, results showed that science students were more decided about career than arts and commerce students but commerce students were more decided about career than arts students.

Pages: 409-413Vandana Sharma (Department of Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Pages: 404-408
Sajad Ahmad Najar (Department of Psychology, Govt. Degree College Hadipora, J&K)
Neetu Saini (Disha School of Special Education & Rehabilitation Centre, Meerut, U.P.)
Abdul Majid Bhat (University of Delhi, Delhi)
Binapani Mohapatra (Department of Rehabilitation Psychology, National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped, Secunderabad, A.P., )

Mental retardation is a permanent condition unlike many other diseases. It is a highly prevalent and highly disabling condition. The present study aims to examine the effectiveness of positive behaviour support as a whole package in managing self-injurious behaviour in children with mental retardation. Sample consisted of 6 participants with mental retardation, within the age range of 6 to 12 years. The present study follows before and after without control group design. Participant's general level of intelligence & adaptive behaviours were assessed by using Binet-Kamat test of Intelligence and VSMS respectively. Self-injurious behaviours were assessed by using Behavioral Assessment Scale for Indian children with Mental Retardation BASIC-MR (Part-B). 12 intervention sessions of Positive Behaviour Support were given on individual basis and after that BASIC-MR PART-B was used to get the post-test scores. Results suggested that positive behaviour support is effective in managing self-injurious behaviour in children with mental retardation. The effectiveness of positive behaviour support is discussed with respect to participant's age and level of retardation also.

Pages: 404-408Sajad Ahmad Najar (Department of Psychology, Govt. Degree College Hadipora, J&K)Neetu Saini (Disha School…

Pages: 402-403
S. Nomusankar and K. Padmasree (Department of Psychology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, AP)

A study was conducted on 300 Degree college lecturers to find out the job satisfaction in men and women working in government and private degree colleges. Two hypothesis were formulated, i.e ,(1)There would be significant difference between government and private college lecturers with regard to job satisfaction. (2)There would be significant difference between male and female college lecturers with regard to job satisfaction job satisfaction of the lecturers was assessed using “Job Satisfaction Scale”developed by Kanungo (1982). Results shows that lecturers both men and women of government degree colleges possess higher job satisfaction than private degree college lecturers. Male lecturers possess higher job satisfaction than female lecturers in both government and private colleges. Implications were drawn.

Pages: 402-403S. Nomusankar and K. Padmasree (Department of Psychology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, AP)
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