Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing

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Relationship satisfaction and attachment of couples in arranged marriage and love marriage Pages: 174-176 Deeoti B. Duggi, and Shanmukh V. Kamble (Department of Psychology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India) Marriages in India even today are arranged by the parents and extended family members one of the most salient challenges that Indian families are experiencing today is that many modern youth want to break away from the custom of having their marriages arranged. The present study examined the significant difference between couples in arranged marriage and love marriage on relationship satisfaction and attachment among a sample of 50 couples in arranged marriage and 50 couples in love marriage from Hubli-Dharwad region. Baseline survey for couples (Butler, 2008) and experience in close relationship developed by Wei (2007) were employed. The findings of the results through t’ test analysis revealed the existence of significant difference between the couples in arranged marriage and love marriage on relationship satisfaction and attachment. The implications for further studies on relationship satisfaction and attachment are discussed. Pages: 174-176Deeoti B. Duggi, and Shanmukh V. Kamble (Department of Psychology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka… Read more Get Access
Attitude of adolescents towards private tuition in relation to socio demographic variables Pages: 176-181 Ashok Kumar Kalia and Mamta (Department of Education, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana, India) The present study was conducted to examine empirically the main and interactive effect of Gender, Locality and Academic Stream of adolescents on attitude towards private tuition. A sample of 80 adolescents was selected randomly from Senior Secondary Schools of Rohtak City of Haryana. Students were administered a twenty item locally prepared questionnaire to assess attitude towards private tuition. Since all the three independent variables namely gender (male and female), locality (urban and rural) and academic stream (science and arts) are dichotomous in nature, 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design was employed to analyse the data. The findings suggested that the main effect of locality was found to be associated with attitude towards tuition. Two-Way and Three-Way interactions were found non significant indicating that all the independent variables operated independently. Pages: 176-181Ashok Kumar Kalia and Mamta (Department of Education, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana, India) Read more Get Access
Impact of cognitive behavior group therapy on the psychological functioning of adolescents from dual earner families Pages: 177-180 Veena Easvaradoss and Vinitha Cabral (Department of Psychology, Women’s Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India) The number of dual-earner families in India has increased. Census reports state that 26% of urban families have double income families. It can be assumed that the increase in parents’ employment (and the resultant decline in time spent with children) would lower the levels of parental monitoring and thereby pose a risk to the child’s development. The objective was to study the impact of cognitive behavior group therapy (CBGT) on the emotional maturity, frustration tolerance, study involvement and parental and peer attachment in adolescents from dual- earner families. One group pre- and post-test research design were used. The sample consisted of 50 adolescents from the eighth and ninth grades who received six sessions of CBGT for a period of 1 month. Both genders were equally represented. Pre- and post-intervention assessments of the dependent variables were carried out. Paired t tests were used to find out the significant differences in emotional maturity, frustration tolerance, study involvement and parent and peer attachment scores before and after the intervention. Significant improvement was seen on all four variables. Cognitive behavior group intervention has improved the psychological functioning of adolescents of dual-earner families. The impact of the intervention on the dependent variables will be discussed. Pages: 177-180Veena Easvaradoss and Vinitha Cabral (Department of Psychology, Women’s Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu… Read more Get Access
A comparative study of psychological well-being and job satisfaction among teachers Pages: 181-184 Zeenat Zahoor (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India) Teaching is perhaps the most important profession in the society. The well-being of today’s teachers affects the well-being of society tomorrow. Unless the well-being of individual teachers is improved, standards of education and that of the educational experience of young people will suffer with far-reaching financial, economic and social consequences for the nation. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between well-being and job satisfaction among government and private school teachers. The sample of this study comprised of N=100 teachers (50 from government and 50 from private school). Age ranged between 25 and 58 years. The sample was randomly chosen. Well-being of the respondents were measured with the help of a well-known psychological well-being scale developed by Bhogle and Prakash (1995). The differences in the obtained data were analyzed by using t test and the relationship was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Significant differences emerged in the well-being and job satisfaction among government and private school teachers. Pages: 181-184Zeenat Zahoor (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India) Read more Get Access
Psychosocial predictors of positive self-evaluation and perception of reality dimensions of mental health of teachers in government and private schools Pages: 182-187 Choudhary, S. (Department of Psychology, Singhania University, Rajasthan) Madnawat, A.V.S. (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) The present study aspired to investigate whether Emotional Intelligence, Personality, Presumptive Life Stress and Coping Skills are significant predictors of Positive Self-evaluation and Perception of Reality dimensions of Mental Health in Government and Private School Teachers. It was hypothesized that Emotional Intelligence, Personality, Presumptive Life Stress and Coping Skills will be significant predictors of Positive Self-evaluation and Perception of Reality dimensions of Mental Health in Government and Private School Teachers. A purposive sample of 400 3rd Grade School Teachers 200 from Government Schools and 200 from Private Schools from Rajasthan State was selected. The Predictor Variables were measured by Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) (Hyde, Pethe, & Dhar, 2001), NEO-PI (R) (McCrae & Costa, 2003), Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (Singh et al., 1981) and Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) (Folkman & Lazarus, 1986) whereas the Criterion/Outcome Variables were measured by Mental Health Inventory (MHI) (Singh & Srivastava, 1983). The Correlational Research Design along with Regression Model was employed. The Multiple Regression Analysis was computed to investigate whether Emotional Intelligence, Personality, Presumptive Life Stress and Coping Skills are significant predictors of Positive Self-evaluation and Perception of Reality dimensions of Mental Health in Government and Private School Teachers. It was empirically provide that Emotional Intelligence was a significant positive predictor whereas Presumptive Life Stress was a significant negative predictor of Positive Self-evaluation and Perception of Reality dimensions of Mental Health in Government and Private School Teachers. The results are interpreted in the light of existing researches. Pages: 182-187Choudhary, S. (Department of Psychology, Singhania University, Rajasthan)Madnawat, A.V.S. (Department of Psychology, University of… Read more Get Access
Self-compassion in relation to personal initiativeness, curiosity and exploration among young adults Pages: 185-187 Mridula Sharma and Christina Davidson (Department of Psychology, ICG - The IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India) The present study is an attempt to explore the relationship of self-compassion with few positive attributes, viz., personal initiativeness and curiosity and exploration among young adults. Self-compassion stands for the quality of the human-being, which makes him kind and understanding towards oneself, even in the face of adverse situations. It suggests the perception of one’s experiences as a part of the broader human experience. Self- compassion has various implications in academic and professional life. As it provides an intrinsic motivation to an individual; it facilitates a self-initiated behavior and curiosity and exploratory behavior. The present study has been conducted on 100 college students using Neff’s (2003a) self-compassion scale, personal growth initiative scale (Robitschek, 1998), and curiosity and exploration inventory (Kashdan et al., 2004). In order to analyze the results product moment correlation method has been employed. The results reflect a positive correlation between self-compassion and personal initiativeness as well as with both dimensions of curiosity and exploratory behavior, i.e. self-exploration and absorption. This suggests that having an open and accepting stance toward oneself is related to being open to the world, in general. Pages: 185-187Mridula Sharma and Christina Davidson (Department of Psychology, ICG – The IIS University, Jaipur… Read more Get Access
Significant predictors for resilience among a sample of undergraduate students: Acceptance, forgiveness and gratitude Pages: 188-191 Nisha Gupta and Sanjay Kumar (Department of Education, S. S. V. Degree College, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India) Acceptance, forgiveness and gratitude are three protective factors and appear to be as three personal characteristics that have been found to be closely related to psychological well-being. Greater acceptances show better psychological functioning in life. Forgiveness fosters people’s ability to deal with psychological stressors higher level of gratitude demonstrated higher level of perceived social support, lower level of stress and depression. The personal qualities that allow one to thrive in the face of adversity, is termed as resilience. This study aimed to examine whether acceptance, forgiveness, and gratitude are significant predictors for resilience among undergraduate students. 150 students are selected for study in one of the college in Hapur. Schedules are used as a research tool, which includes demographic information, acceptance and action Questionnaire-II, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, The Gratitude Questionnaire and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Results supported the hypothesis and revealed that, acceptance, forgiveness, and gratitude appear to be significant predictors for resilience among undergraduate students. The three predictors contributed 66% of the total variance of student’s resilience model, whereby gratitude illustrates the highest predictive value for resilience, followed by forgiveness and acceptance. The result implies that forgiveness is the key factor to resilience in which forgiveness is essential in order for acceptance to be statistically correlated to resilience. Pages: 188-191Nisha Gupta and Sanjay Kumar (Department of Education, S. S. V. Degree College, Hapur… Read more Get Access
The impact of job characteristics and personality on organizational commitment: Differences between managers and non-mangers Pages: 188-194 Vandana Gambhir nee Chopra (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) The objective of present research was to study the relationship of Job Characteristics and Personality with Organizational Commitment at the level of managers and non managers. Using three components of Organizational Commitment (Affective, normative and Continuance) on a sample of employees (n= 70; 35 Managers and 35 non Managers), the relationships of Big Five Personality Traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness & Neuroticism), and Seven Job Characteristics (Skill Variety, Task Identity, Task Significance, Autonomy, Job Feedback, Agents Feedback & Dealing with others) to Commitment Components were examined. Results showed that (1) mangers and non-managers differed significantly on job characteristic variables of skill variety, task significance, autonomy, agents feedback and dealing with others & personality variable of openness to experience. (2) Corelational analysis of job characteristics and organizational commitment revealed that task identity was positively related to continuance and normative commitment and autonomy was positively correlated to affective commitment. Both findings were significant for manager group only. (3) On correlating personality dimensions with organi- zational commitment, it was found that extraversion was positively correlated with normative commitment (for managers) and conscientiousness was positively related to affective commitment (for non-managerial group). (4) Finally, extraversion was found to be positively correlated to overall organizational commitment for managers. The implications of these findings for our understanding of Job Characteristic-Organizational Commitment and Personality-Organizational Commitment linkages are discussed. Pages: 188-194Vandana Gambhir nee Chopra (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi) Read more Get Access
Ways of coping, trait well-being and stress-related growth in people living with HIV/AIDS Pages: 192-195 Mahadevi Wadde (Department of Psychology, Parvatibai Chougle College, Margoa, Goa, India) Irranna Amashi and Sanmukh Vasant Kamble (Department of Psychology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India) This study examined relationships between coping strategies, trait well-being and stress-related growth among people living with HIV/AIDS (N=200). Participants completed measure, which included a demographic survey, the ways of coping (Folkman & Lazarus, 1985), the trait well-being (mood level scale by Dalbert, 1992 and general life satisfaction scale by Dalbert et al., 1984), and stress-related growth Park et al. (1996). Pearson’s product-moment correlation analyses indicated that ways of coping significantly increases trait well-being as defined by mood level and satisfaction with life. Self-blame coping and tension reduction coping strategy lowers stress-related growth. Future research must use methodological designs that can evaluate the influence of coping on stress-related growth over time. Pages: 192-195Mahadevi Wadde (Department of Psychology, Parvatibai Chougle College, Margoa, Goa, India)Irranna Amashi and Sanmukh… Read more Get Access
The relation between social adjustment, emotional intelligence and personality among college students Pages: 196-199 Umakant Subhash Gaikwad (Department of Psychology, Art’s Science College, Chincholi, Kannad, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India) The purpose of this study was to investigate, the relation between social adjustment (SA), emotional intelligence (EI) and personality. The total sample consisted of 147 college students from different academic terms, of which 58 were male and 89 were female. The students were selected from Art’s as well as science department from different college in Aurangabad (Maharashtra). For this purpose of investigation Palsane SA scale. Mayers -Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI- From G, 1975), Mayer-Salovey-Caruso EI scale (MSCEIT V.2) was used. The Pearson’s Product - Moment Correlation and t-test were applied as a Statistical technique. The finding of this study EI is not positively correlated with SA, extroverts show better SA as compared to introverts, feeling types do not show better SA as compared to thinking types, intuitive types are higher in EI than sensing types, Feeling types do not show higher EI than thinking types. Pages: 196-199Umakant Subhash Gaikwad (Department of Psychology, Art’s Science College, Chincholi, Kannad, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India) Read more Get Access
Depression among HIV/AIDS patients: A study with reference to social support and optimism Pages: 200-202 Tejal B. Nasit (Department of Psychology, Yogiji Maharaj College, Dhari, Amreli, Gujarat, India) The aim of the present investigation was to study the impact of the level of social support and optimism on depression. A sample of 180 rural and 180 urban HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndromes (AIDS) patients were administered by Derogatis’s symptom check list-90-R revised scale, Mehra and Kalhora’s social support scale and Scheier and Carver’s the life orientation test. One-way analysis of variance technique yielded that there was a significant effect of social support and optimism on depression. The level of depression was higher among group of less social support and less optimism HIV/AIDS patient than the other (moderate and high) groups. Pages: 200-202Tejal B. Nasit (Department of Psychology, Yogiji Maharaj College, Dhari, Amreli, Gujarat, India) Read more Get Access
An empirical study on adjustment problems of married women in relation to their working status Pages: 203-206 Himmat J. Narke (Department of Psychology, V.P.S.P.M.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Kannad, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India) Anita M. Daryanani (Psychologist, Central Public Sr. Sec. School, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India) In contemporary Indian society, the working women’s role is perceived just as an added role taken up by women necessitating accommodation and adjustment. The Indian social step up provides an important context for understanding the outcomes of employment for the adjustment level of married women. In the present study, an attempt was made to see the effect of work status and socio-economic status (SES), on adjustment problems of married women. Total 240 married women with equal number of working, non-working, low and high SES were selected as per requirements from Marathwada. The age level, educational status and nativity of the subjects were controlled to a certain extent i.e. age ranges between 25 and 45 years, educational status 10+ (school education) and all women belongs to urban population. The SES determined by their family income was assessed using socio- economic scale (SES scale, Urban) and adjustment problems were measured using Bell adjustment inventory. 2×2 factorial design was employed to reach out the objectives of this study. Obtained data were analyzed using two- way ANOVA. Statistical analysis revealed that work status and SES are a significant factor to determine women’s level of adjustment. Pages: 203-206Himmat J. Narke (Department of Psychology, V.P.S.P.M.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Kannad, Aurangabad… Read more Get Access
Enhancement of adolescents’ self-esteem by intervention module Pages: 207-211 Veena Dani (Department of Psychology, S. N. Govt. Girls P. G. College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India) Self-Esteem (SE) is an evaluative component of self-concept, A person having healthy SE enjoys physical and mental health (Brown et al., 1990; Rutter, 1992), higher levels of academic achievement (Lockett & Harrell, 2003; Wong & Watkins, 2001) and escalated performance level (McMillan, Singh & Simonnetta, 2001). The formation of SE and shaping of personality is of pronounced significance during the adolescent period. If adolescents are given suitable instructions/intervention during this period; their SE levels can be elevated, which will affect their personality development. The present study was undertaken to enhance the SE level of adolescent students by introducing an intervention module; developed by the investigator. Initially, a purposive sample of 416 boys and 242 girls of 8th and 9th standard was taken. The Co-opersmith SE inventory (CSEI) was administered (pre-test). Students having low levels of SE (<25%) were screened out and divided into experimental and control group randomly (N=155). The experimental group was given intervention module for 15 sessions; each session lasted for 45 min. At the end, the CSEI was again administered on both the groups (post-test). Results are analyzed with the help of t test. Significant differences were obtained between the pre-test and post-test SE means for experimental groups comprising of boys and girls group, boys group, and girls group. A significant t value between the mean SE difference for experimental and control group was also observed. These results indicated efficacy of the intervention module. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test means of the control group. Pages: 207-211Veena Dani (Department of Psychology, S. N. Govt. Girls P. G. College, Bhopal, Madhya… Read more Get Access
Impact of perceived parenting styles on the emotional maturity among adolescents Pages: 212-215 M. Trishala and Shilpa Kiran (Department of Psychology, BMS College for Women, Bangalore, Karnataka, India) The aim of this study was to determine the emotional maturity (EM) and perceived parenting styles among adolescents. To investigate the same, a sample of 30 boys and 30 girls (aged from 14 years to 19 years) were selected, and were administered with EM scale and perceived parenting styles inventory-2. To analyze these data Statistical tool of t-test, Pearson correlation were used. The findings indicated that there is no gender difference in EM , adolescence differs in the perceive parenting styles and adolescents with perceived parenting styles of autonomy styles and responsive styles had high EM compared to demanding perceived parenting styles. Pages: 212-215M. Trishala and Shilpa Kiran (Department of Psychology, BMS College for Women, Bangalore, Karnataka… Read more Get Access
Perceived loneliness, depression, and health among school students Pages: 216-218 D. Dhanalakshmi (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India) Loneliness seems to be one of the major psychological problems experienced by children all over the world. Loneliness can have serious detrimental effects on the physical and psychological well-being not only during childhood, but its consequences seem to have a significant impact on the adjustment of the individual during adolescent and adult years as well. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between perceived loneliness, depression, and health among school students as well as to identify if any gender differences existed in these variables. The sample consisted of 120 students (60 boys and 60 girls) aged 15 and 16 years who were randomly selected from schools in Chennai. Perceived loneliness scale by Jha, Depression and Anxiety for Youth Scale by Newcomer and General Health Questionnaire by Goldberg were administered to the students after obtaining permission from the school authorities. Results showed that there exists a significant positive relationship between loneliness and depression (r=0.278; p<0.01) and between loneliness and health (r=0.265; p<0.01). However, no significant relationship was found between depression and health (r=0.074). A significant difference was observed between boys and girls in general health (t=4.866; p<0.01) with girls reporting more health issues than boys. Regression analysis revealed that perceived loneliness is a significant predictor of health among school students (β=0.265; t=2.859; p<0.01). The findings of this study highlight the importance of the role of psychologists and the need for trained counselors in schools. This would facilitate the early identification and intervention of psychological problems before they impede the optimal development of children. Pages: 216-218D. Dhanalakshmi (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India) Read more Get Access
Psychogenic headache in school going children Pages: 219-221 Pankaj Singh (Department of Pediatrics, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Science and Research Center and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India) Headache is a continuous pain in the area of the head not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve. Headaches are getting common among children especially school going children, and it becomes frequent as a child grows older. The results revealed that all patients were having intermittent headache (2-3 months) for the duration of up to 2 years. Headache was not affecting the sleep activity or appetite of the child. The factors initiating the headache included disturbed family patterns, family phobia, differential parenting styles including over expectations or ignoring. The heavy school work lead to fear of studies that in turn affected the attendance and the scholastic performance. To some extent, the surrounding environmental factors also lead to difficulty in social adjustment. These certain issues lead to stress headaches for most of the children almost every day. In no case, any family history of any psychiatric illness, traumas or any such kind of headaches as those of migraine, sinusitis, etc. was understood. It was also seen that in most cases girls were more affected than boys. Pages: 219-221Pankaj Singh (Department of Pediatrics, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Science and Research Center… Read more Get Access
Self-efficacy, political efficacy and political orientation Pages: 222-225 Sasmita Pattanaik and Niranjan Sia (Department of Psychology, Nayagarh Autonomous College, Nayagarh, Odisha, India) Bandura (1989) explains the importance of self-efficacy as beliefs that function as “an important set of proximal determinants of human motivation, affect, and action.” Self-efficacy is best understood in the context of social cognitive theory - An approach to understanding human cognition, action, motivation, and emotion that assumes that we are active shapers of rather than simply passive reactors to our environments (Barone et al., 1997). Political efficacy denotes a citizen’s perception about the effects of his action on political events. It refers to the person’s belief that “political and social change can be accelerated or retarded, and that his efforts alone or in concert with others can produce desired behavior on the part of political authorities.” In other words, it refers to the individual’s perceptions of his effectiveness in political activities. Political orientation refers to the learning of norms, attitudes and behavior accepted and practiced by the ongoing political system, and of social patterns through various agencies of the society. It is the induction of the individual into political culture (Almond & Powell, 1966) and in the development of awareness of political world and appreciation, judgment and understanding of political events (Pye, 1962). This article intends to review the thoughts and works of different psychologists pointing out the relationship among these three constructs: Self-efficacy, political efficacy, and political orientation. Pages: 222-225Sasmita Pattanaik and Niranjan Sia (Department of Psychology, Nayagarh Autonomous College, Nayagarh, Odisha, India) Read more Get Access
Possible outcome of spiritually augmented cognitive restructuring intervention in cognitive disturbances among breast cancer patients Pages: 226-230 Pragya Sahare and Vikas Kumar Sharma (Department of Clinical Psychology, Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India) Cancer is often a life-threatening disease. In women, breast cancer is the most leading cause of death. The incidence of breast cancer is rising in India and is now the second most common cancer diagnosed in women after cervical cancer. Diagnosis of breast cancer results a variety of cognitive impairments in patients as well as her family. The increasing use of aggressive treatment method works as a catalyst to promote the mal adjustment and reduce the quality of life in cancer patients. Like all chronic illnesses breast cancer also involves series of threats and difficulties, which further lead to the development of mental problems in the patients. To effectively control these mental troubles during conventional cancer treatment without any side effects, a novel non-pharmacological intervention, Spiritually Augmented Cognitive Restructuring (SACR), labeled as SACR has been introduced in this research. SACR, as clear by the name, is a cognitive model to restructure or modify the negative core beliefs of a patient through spiritual teachings or activities. The objective of this research is to theoretically explore the possible efficiency of SACR in the control of mental disturbances with special reference to breast cancer patients. For execution of this purpose some concerned books, published researches and obtained literature after internet search on PubMed, Medline etc. were reviewed. A theoretical foundation explained in such researches or scientific texts was presented in this article. This research article suggests that spirituality in clinical setting may influence the efficacy of cognitive therapy model. Cognitive model with spirituality may be more effective in management of mood disturbances in life threatening disease, at least in breast cancer patients, by improving their spiritual understanding about life. With this study, we are able to introduce a new form of psychological treatment in the field of psycho-oncology. Pages: 226-230Pragya Sahare and Vikas Kumar Sharma (Department of Clinical Psychology, Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar… Read more Get Access
Perceived academic stress of university students across gender, academic streams, semesters, and academic performance Pages: 231-235 Parveen Banu and Sibnath Deb (Department of Applied Psychology Pondicherry University, Puducherry) Vishnu Vardhan and Tirupati Rao (Department of Statistics Pondicherry University, Puducherry) The broad objective of the study was to investigate the perceived academic stress of Pondicherry University students across gender, academic stream, semesters, and academic performance. A group 699 university students from three academic streams viz., Humanities & Social Science, Science and Management was covered in the study following multi-stage cluster sampling method and data was collected by using a specially designed Structured Questionnaire and a standardized psychological scale on academic stress following self-administration method. Findings disclosed that female students experienced more academic stress compared to male student (p<.01). Students from Humanities and Social Science were found to be suffering from more academic stress than that of Science and Management students (p<.01). Semester II students (p<.01) and students with better academic performance (p<.01) reported experiencing more academic stress. The findings speak in favor of institution-based mental health support services for the university students to help them to overcome the academic stress and perform better. Pages: 231-235Parveen Banu and Sibnath Deb (Department of Applied Psychology Pondicherry University, Puducherry)Vishnu Vardhan and… Read more Get Access
A study on the construction of a scale for assessing the quality of friendship Pages: 236-242 Prerona Ghosh, Deepshikha Ray and Sudeshna Das (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India) The development of successful friendship is one of the important developmental milestones and is crucial for healthy adaptation. In the context of increasing social alienation in today's globalized world there is an emergent need to construct a reliable tool for assessing Quality of Friendship. Same-sex friendship is highly prevalent in the Indian society and is a significant contributor to an enhanced quality of life. Since, there is a dearth of a reliable tool for exploring friendship, the present study purported to construct a scale for assessing the Quality of Friendship. 370 healthy adult participants, of either sex, aged between 18-25 years were included in the study. The total sample was split into 3 sections - sample A(N = 100), on which the Quality of Friendship Questionnaire (QFQ) was constructed; sample B (N = 200), the data of which was utilized for reliability assessment and factor analysis; sample C (N = 70) on which The Relationship Profile Test (Bornstein and Languirand, 2001) and The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, 1996) was administered for the computation of convergent validity. Preliminary norms were developed based on the scores of Sample B and Sample C. Five factors emerged from Factor Analysis, namely - 'Intimacy', 'Distress reaction', 'Negative behavior', 'Doubt' and 'Telling a lie' and the final scale comprised of 87 items with a high reliability (Cronbach α =0.96). Further, a significant negative correlation between 'Quality of Friendship' and loneliness was obtained, along with a significant positive correlation between 'Quality of Friendship' and healthy dependence. Continued evaluation is needed to assess the utility of the QFQ for exploring 'Friendship' in the paradigm of positive psychology. Pages: 236-242Prerona Ghosh, Deepshikha Ray and Sudeshna Das (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata… Read more Get Access
Forgiveness and state anger of students from three religious groups Pages: 243-248 Deepti B. Duggi and Shanmukh V. Kamble (Department of Psychology, Karnatak Uthniversity, Dharwad, Karnataka) This study investigated the difference between forgiveness and state anger among post graduate students from various departments of Karnatak University, Dharwad, and belonging to Hindu, Muslim and Christian religion. An equal number of students were selected (Hindu =50, Muslim= 50 and Christian=50) from each religion by using quota sampling technique. Forgiveness was measured by, the Decisional and Emotional Forgiveness Scale developed by Worthington Jr, et al. (2007) and State anger was measured by State anger scale developed by Spielberger et al. (1988). Results indicated a significant difference among three groups on their decisional and emotional forgiveness and state anger. Further stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed the factors significantly contributed to decisional and emotional forgiveness and state anger of the students. Findings of the study have social implications. Pages: 243-248Deepti B. Duggi and Shanmukh V. Kamble (Department of Psychology, Karnatak Uthniversity, Dharwad, Karnataka) Read more Get Access
Ways of coping strategies in HIV/AIDS patients Pages: 249-253 Asha Rani (STI Counselor, General Hospital Rohtak, Haryana) Promila Batra (Department of Psychology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana) Each disease brings with it lot of additionally associated problems that the patient requires to cope with this additional burden and stress. Therefore, every patient has to cope with both the disease and the accompanying stresses in the form of biological, psychological and social problems. HIV/AIDS is also a disorder with high incidence and prevalence. It is a viral disease, which reduces the ability of immune system to defend the body against the introduction of foreign substances (antigens). Its negative impact on the individual and society itself is in alarming stage, as the disease is highly associated with a variety of loss, grief and stress. Each individual suffering from HIV/AIDS adopts a different style and strategy to cope with the disease. However, these patients can be enabled to cope with the disease related stress and worries by training them on appropriate ways of coping. The existing literature indicating about various methods categorized as better ways of coping with specific diseases but it is important to know what type of ways are being adopted by the patients and need to be changed for the success of interventions to teach appropriate ways of coping. Therefore, study aimed at assessing the patterns of emotion focused and problem focused ways of coping among HIV and AIDS patients. The present study was carried out in Haryana on 500 patients with HIV/AIDS having the age from 25 to 50 years (mean age 37.5 years). To assess and compare the coping styles adopted by HIV/AIDS patients, the selected subjects were tested with the ways of coping questionnaire by Folkman and Lazarus (1988). Frequencies of individual high on one type of coping (quartile based) and the mean of coping scores were calculated and analyzed. The Chi-square and 't' values reveal that most of the HIV/AIDS patients were going more with emotion focused coping than with problem focused coping. Pages: 249-253Asha Rani (STI Counselor, General Hospital Rohtak, Haryana)Promila Batra (Department of Psychology, M.D. University… Read more Get Access
Personality traits: Their relationship with depression and the intention to seek psychological help among depressed Indian young adults Pages: 254-259 Rhea Banerjee (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai) The prevalence of depression seems to have risen drastically over the years, especially among Indian young adults. However, young adults today are hesitant to seek professional help for their mental difficulties due to various factors. The purpose of the present study was to identify whether specific personality traits are related to depression and to the intention to seek help for depression. The Five-Factor Model of Personality (McCrae & Costa, 1996), which highlights five main personality dimensions (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), was used for this study. Four hundred and fifty Indian young adults, in the age range of 19 to 40 years, were administered the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961) and the Big Five Inventory (John & Srivastava, 1999) using handouts as well as an online survey program. Of these participants, 194 young adults were identified as being either mildly depressed or moderately depressed, and the responses of this sample were utilised for statistical analyses. The data obtained from the study was analysed using Pearson's Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation. The results indicated that Openness and Agreeableness were significantly related to the intention to seek psychological help. Extraversion was found to have an inverse relationship with depression, while Neuroticism had a direct relationship with depression. It can be concluded that personality factors do indeed have a relationship with depression and the intention to seek psychological help among depressed young adults. Pages: 254-259Rhea Banerjee (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai) Read more Get Access
Bully victimization and pupil well-being Pages: 260-266 Damanjit Sandhu, Manjot Kaur and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) The problem of school bullying is on the rise worldwide. Bullying has proven to be damaging and destructive for the pupils as well as for the society at large. In most situations, victims do survive but carry scars for a lifetime. Bullying tends to have negative affect on the physical, psychological, emotional, academic and social well being of a child. The present study was conducted to understand the relationship between school bullying and pupil well-being. This study highlighted the impact of bully-victimization on pupil well-being and it also explored the links between bully- victimization and problem behaviour in Indian adolescent pupils. 200 school going adolescent boys and girls (age range 15-17 years) served as subjects in this study. Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale (Mynard & Joseph, 2000), Youth Self Report (YSR) (Achenbach,1991) and Friedman Well-Being Scale ( Friedman, 1992) were used. Reliability coefficients and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients were computed. The results of the study showed that Bully-Victimization is linked with internalizing problem behaviour and it is negatively associated with happiness, joviality, sociability, self esteem/self confidence and emotional stability. Another very interesting finding which emerged from the present study is that pupils face physical victimization and attacks on property together. Pages: 260-266Damanjit Sandhu, Manjot Kaur and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Read more Get Access
The effectiveness of mindfulness therapy on self-esteem of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Pages: 267-272 Soamya and Sandeep Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has been considered as a chronic disorder, which generally continues beyond childhood, into adolescence and adulthood Willoughby, (2003). Researches revealed that the regulation of emotions have been found to be difficult among children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD, Barkley (2006). In line with this, Goodman, (2007) reported that the low self esteem and self doubt are commonly associated with ADHD. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of mindfulness therapy on self esteem of ADHD adolescents. The adolescents with ADHD symptoms were diagnosed with Conner's 3 ADHD rating scale (2008) and thirty three participants were selected with age ranging between 13 to 16 years. The self esteem was assessed with Rosenberg self esteem questionnaire (1965). The mindfulness therapy was implemented for six months and five days a week. The outcome of the present study was analyzed by applying paired t- test on pair 1 (baseline and middle phase), pair 2 (middle and post) and pair 3 (baseline and post). It has been observed in the findings of the study that the ADHD adolescents learned to regulate & reflect the emotions in much better way. The mindfulness therapy found to be effective and produced significant effects by reducing ADHD symptoms as well as in enhancing self esteem of ADHD adolescents. It can be concluded with the evidences represented in the present study that mindfulness therapy can be considered as therapeutic tool in enhancing self esteem of ADHD adolescents. Pages: 267-272Soamya and Sandeep Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science &… Read more Get Access

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