Exploring the Changing Roles of Women in Rural and Urban Households: A Comprehensive Review

Description

Page: 1680-1686

Meenu and Sandeep Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

The roles of women within households have undergone profound changes over time, shaped by historical, economic, cultural, and political forces. This review examines the evolving roles of women in rural and urban households, highlighting both continuities and differences across these contexts. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature, the review explores historical perspectives, education, economic participation, and cultural expectations shaping women’s household responsibilities. The colonial period and industrialization introduced new dynamics that influenced both rural and urban women’s roles. It also compares rural and urban dynamics, identifies persistent challenges, and proposes future directions. Education emerged as a critical factor in empowering women, influencing their participation in household decision-making, economic activities, and later, political engagement. Many findings reveal that while women have gained greater visibility and autonomy, structural inequalities and patriarchal norms continue to constrain their empowerment. The review emphasizes that household roles must be understood as dynamic, intersectional, and central to broader struggles for gender equality and social transformation.