Encapsulating Breath: History, Mechanisms, and Perspectives across the Globe

Description

Page: 987-991

Shreya Bakshi (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh)

Breathing, an intrinsic and continuous aspect of human existence, has been a subject of inquiry across diverse disciplines and throughout history (Oxley & Russel, 2020). This review synthesizes the multifaceted understanding of breathing, tracing its evolution from early philosophical contemplations to contemporary scientific models. It explores the historical trajectory of understanding respiration, highlighting key milestones in anatomical and physiological discoveries. Furthermore, it delves into various physiological and computational models that elucidate the mechanics and regulation of breathing, acknowledging their contributions and limitations. The review then examines the classification of breathing patterns based on chemical processes, anatomical focus, and functional mode. A significant portion of this paper is dedicated to the burgeoning field of breathing and mental health, underscoring the therapeutic potential of optimized breathing techniques for managing distress and enhancing well-being, while also noting the need for broader cultural perspectives. To this end, it discusses the rich insights offered by Indian traditions such as Yoga and Ayurveda, emphasizing the role of “prana” and practices like Pranayama and breath awareness meditation in promoting holistic health. Finally, the review critically examines the literature on dysfunctional breathing patterns and dyspnea, exploring their phenomenology, underlying mechanisms, and implications for respiratory health and overall quality of life. By integrating historical context, scientific advancements, psychological insights, and Eastern wisdom, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of the profound significance of breath in human experience.