Pages: 73-75
Sonal Agarwal and P. C. Mishra (Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

The aim of this research was to find out the relationship of self-efficacy with affective commitment, normative commitment, continuance commitment and overall organizational commitment in revenue personnel. It was hypothesized that self efficacy will have a positive relationship with organizational commitment (overall & area- wise). The sample comprised of 150 Income Tax personnel working in Lucknow, Allahbad, Kanpur, Faizabad and Agra (Uttar Pradesh- India). The age of the respondents ranged between 30 years to 40years. Two psychometric tools were used in this study. Organizational commitment scale by Khan and Mishra (2002) was utilised to measure organizational commitment. Self-efficacy was assessed with the help of Generalized Self-efficacy Scale by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1995). The statistical analysis conducted on the obtained data was Pearson's Correlation coefficient. The results indicated that self efficacy was positively and significantly related to affective, normative, continuance and overall organizational commitment in revenue personnel.

Pages: 81-85
Hardeep Kaur and Arashmeet Chawla (Department of Social Work, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

School adjustment includes academic, social and emotional adjustment. It is viewed as the process that the students adopt to maintain balance between their academic, social and emotional needs within the school environment. Though adjustment is a major concern at all stages of life, it becomes critical during adolescence. Adolescent who have strong emotional ties with their families, are aware of the presence of their families who can support them at all times. They are thus affected lesser by any problems, giving them a feeling of security and thus reducing the issues of concern at this stage of their life. However, the adolescents who are deprived of family environment may experience various concerns and fears or show low adjustment levels, high emotional problems, difficulty in social interactions and many other indicators of maladjustment and poor well being. Similarly, the adjustment among the school going adolescent girls living with their families and in orphanages may significantly vary. The present study aims to examine the social, educational and emotional adjustment among the school going adolescent girls residing in orphanages and with their families. The sample comprises of thirty school going adolescent girls aged between 14-18 years residing in orphanages and the ones living with their families. In each group, there are fifteen adolescent girls. Adjustment Inventory for school students developed by Sinha and Singh has been used in the study. The result of the present study indicates that the adolescent girls living in orphanages have lower social and educational adjustment level as compared to the girls who live along with their families. The emotional adjustment level of the adolescent girls living in orphanages and families are almost same.

Pages: 90-93
Preeti Gulati (Department of Psychology, S.R. Government College for Women, Amritsar, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to compare the creative abilities of monolinguals and bilinguals. To find significant differences two groups were clubbed i.e. Monolinguals (ML: n=200, 100 Boys & 100 Girls) and Bilinguals (BL: n=200, 100 Boys & 100 Girls) and univariate t-test was applied. In the present study “Eta Squared” has been computed to find out the relative magnitude of difference between the groups. Our results clearly indicate that bilingual students performed better on all these components (Fluency, Flexibility, Originality, & Elaboration) of verbal and figural creativity as compared to monolinguals.

Pages: 98-100
Dolon Dawn and Sonali De (Department of Psychology University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

Violence against women is a universal reality which cuts across cultural, religious, economic and geographical boundaries. Various forms of traditional beliefs are upheld by the human society as social ethics for controlling the sexuality and status of women. This study explored how married women perceive and accept the situations of intimate partner violence. Women from suburban background between age 18 years 30 years (Mean age, 27.12 years, SD, 1-55 years) who have undergone intimate partner violence were considered for the study. The research was conducted in the natural setting of the participant. In the research, purposive sampling approach had been used and continued till sample size was met. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for eight respondents from suburban setup. Considering India's patriarchal societal culture, subjugated women and justified male violence towards women. Lack of support from family members and the fear of losing social status numbed the voices women. The current study delves into the reality of female victims of abuse who are trapped in a society where they are forced to accept violence from their partners, divorce is not a choice and where social support of women is extremely restricted.

Pages: 105-107
Pardeep Kumar (Department of CMT, GJUST, Hisar, Haryana)
Swatti Chowdhary (Department of Education, Lingayas University, Faridabad, Haryana)

This paper frames the subject of this special issue the development of social and emotional competence in early childhood. Teachers and parents support healthy social emotional and cultural development. In this paper we focused on ages 1-9 years because in this period normal social emotional progress facilitates children. Early childhood activities and experiences set the stage for healthy mind and healthy learning. There are different dimensions to develop social emotional competence during early childhood e.g., self esteem self confidence, self control, morality, characterization, communication skills, adjustment skills, patience etc. The processes of developing these dimensions are based on nurturing, heredity and environment. Many psychologists are divided early childhood in different stages with specific age groups. According to psychologists children who have experiences such as these are able to recognize their and other emotions and able to adjust with different societies. Our study is based on scientific methodology which is related to different experiments of psychologists.

Pages: 114-116
Supreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

The present study investigates the relationship between Problematic Internet Use and Alexithymia among the non clinical sample of adolescents. The study was conducted on 90 high school students. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Young (1998) for Problematic Internet Use and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) by Bagby, Parker, and Taylor (1994) were administered. Adolescents scoring >50 on IAT were considered as Problematic Internet Users (PIU) and those scoring <50 were taken as control group. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test was used for analysis. The results revealed significant and positive relationship of Internet Addiction with Alexithymia (Difficulty Describing Feelings, Difficulty Identifying Feelings & Externally Oriented Thinking & Total Alexithymia). The results further indicated significant differences for Alexithymia between PIU group and control group.

Pages: 121-124
Shalini Barthwal and Manju Pandey (Department of Psychology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand)

In India, school absenteeism has been the focus of study in the primary and upper primary level, as the nation's main policy has been to increase enrolments in schools. The senior secondary classes (i.e., class XI & XII) have never been in the focus when it to comes being absent from school without any rational cause. This research gap lays the foundation for the present study with the focus on the mental health and youth problems of senior secondary students who are frequently absent from school. A mental health and youth problem analysis of 200 students was done from Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand using Mental Health Battery (Singh & Gupta, 2005) and Youth Problem Inventory (Verma, 1996). Intelligence came out as the strongest predictor of absenteeism followed by emotional stability, family problems, school problems, self-concept and autonomy.

Pages: 130-134
Subhash Savant (Department of Economics, Bhonsala Military College, Nashik, Maharashtra)

The Indian banking sector, in general, and public sector banks, in particular, has been going through tough phase. The Indian banking sector is denting with non performing assets problem in recent years. The NPA issue is influencing the portfolio of banks and financial institutions, market mechanism, economy and different banks differently. Therefore, in this context the study is undertaken with an empirical analysis of contribution of different banks in advances and NPAs. A comparative study of NPAs related to sector wise, banks wise is also carried out. This will help us to understand the concept of NPAs thoroughly. The current study focuses on the share of different banks in terms of Gross advances, Net advances, GNPA, NNPA, priority and non-priority sectors. This paper is divided into three sections. The first section is theoretical and it is related to the concept of NPA, review of literature and research methodology whereas the second section presents a deep analysis of NPAs. Final section dwells upon some conclusion remarks.

Pages: 138-142
Chandrani Sen and Surbhi Dulara (Department of Psychology, IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The present paper aims to analyse the relationship of job characteristics and performance (task performance & contextual performance) by assessing the mediating role of work engagement. The research targeted 100 middle level managers working in the service sector (hotel industry). To evaluate the mediational analysis PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2012) was employed in SPSS. A positive and significant correlation was found between the three variables and while analysing work engagement as a mediator it was depicted that work engagement fully mediated the relationship between job characteristics and task performance and also between job characteristics and contextual performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that being engaged in a job enriches one's performance.

Pages: 146-149
Ekta Soni and Rakesh Kumar Behmani (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)
Sunita Rani (Department of Social Management, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussorie, Dehradun, Uttarakhand)

Women in India have a status of being sub-ordinate to men. Men and women are not considered equal, men being the superior. The patriarchal set up of this country leads to gender specific socialization. Men learn to rule women form childhood, either directly or indirectly. Thus the cultural limitation in India often makes women think that all the atrocities done to them are fair. It is seen many a times that women themselves support violence against women, whether to themselves or to other women they know. Education is also a very important factor in determining how women take the abuse form others. Higher educational level seems to be a protective factor against domestic violence. Apart from these social supports, living area, employment, socio-economic status, family structure, husband's characteristics are considered important in determining in attitudes towards domestic violence in women and how they attribute the causes of domestic violence.

Pages: 156-159
Stuti Singh (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Social comparison is an integral part of our social life. It provides us a better understanding of who we are, how we are doing, how we can improve and many other things. These comparisons can be on various levels such as inter-personal, intra-group and inter-group social comparisons. Nature and outcomes of different type of comparisons vary because each one has different dynamics. The focus of the present study is to explore the nature of emotions that people feel while making intra-group social comparison. The study being exploratory in nature, interview method was chosen for data collection. Individual interviews were taken from boys and girls in the age group 18 to 25 years. A semi structured interview schedule was prepared for the interviews. Each interview was audio taped and then transcribed for further analysis. Response themes indicate a wide variety of emotions felt by participants. These ranged from feeling of positive emotions such as, happiness, satisfaction, and pride to feeling of negative emotions such as, anger, jealousy, dissatisfaction, grief, etc. Implications of these emotions have been discussed in context of our social interactions and intra-group social comparison.

Pages: 165-170
Soorya Sunil (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi)
Sunil Kumar Verma (Department of Applied Psychology Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi)
Sunil Kumar Verma (Department of Applied Psychology Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi)

Parental socialization is one of the remarkable ways in which children begin to learn about right and wrong. Drawing on the relevant theoretical and empirical literature we look at the ways in which parent inculcate moral values in children. In particular, the study explores the parental practices and the characteristics of the parent-child relationship that shapes the moral affect, behaviour and cognition in children. The article reviews some key investigations in the area of moral socialization and highlights some important yet overlooked or understudied aspects of parental moral socialization that requires scholarly attention.