Pages: 1646-1650
G. S. Sunaina, Sahen Gupta, and K. Sreenath (Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka)

The capacity to adapt to stress and maintain a positive attitude towards life is necessary for HIV infected adolescents since unhealthy coping with stress leads to mental health issues as well as a rapid deterioration of physical health. As such, resilience is crucial to the prolonged well-being of HIV infected individuals since it fosters better coping with stress. This study aimed to understand the relationship between Resilience and Well-being among HIV infected adolescents, and included boys and girls of the age group 13-18 years (n-46). The sample of adolescents were chosen since development of resilience at this age sets a pattern of better response to stress and greater well-being across the life span. The tools used for this study are Subjective Well-being Inventory (Sell & Nagpal, 1992) and Resilience scale for Children and Adolescents (Prince-Embury, 2008). Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation and Independent Sample t-test were used for testing stated hypothesis. Results state that there exists no relationship between the variables Subjective Well-being and Resilience among HIV infected adolescents. It should also be noted that there exists no differences in subjective well-being, in terms of high and low resilience amongst the sample. It is thus recommended that, future research and interventions should take into regard the paradoxical relationship between well-being and resilience operating in individuals with HIV infection.

Pages: 1654-1658
Sona Raghuvanshi (Amity Global Business School, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

This case throws light on one of the biggest mergers in the Indian telecom sector between Vodafone India and Idea Cellular. Now known as Vodafone Idea Limited, the combined entity has 31% share in Indian market with 394.8 million users. This makes it the largest mobile telecommunications network in India and third largest mobile telecommunications network in the world. The merger deal announced in March 2017 and completed in August 2018 is valued at around US$ 23 billion. The reason behind their amalgamation was the belief that this merger has the potential for substantial cost saving and also has 3G/4G spectrum gain vital in market share battle against Reliance Jio and Airtel. The merger is expected to be beneficial for all stake holders including the combined entities, consumers as well as the country. But success of the merger is largely dependent on how effectively they resolve regulatory as well as cultural hurdles. At present, Vodafone-Idea Limited is facing tough competition from its aggressive competitor Jio, which is trying to capture Indian telecom market by luring the customers with never heard before offers. Not only this, combined entity is also facing a penalty for allegedly denying Jio adequate points of interconnection. Now only time will tell if one of the biggest telecom mergers will change the destiny of Indian telecom sector or not.

Pages: 1663-1670
Samir V. Kolte and Mohd Afaq Khan (Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Studies & Research of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)
Naseem Abidi (Chair-Outreach and Accreditation Planning Committee Skyline University College, University City of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates)

Textile industry and international trade is one of the oldest in the world, with India leading the industry for most of the part of history, except for the last few decades, where other countries, especially China started dominating the world textile exports. In the context of relating textile exports with the industry performance, focused on Economic Efficiency, we conducted literature review to study the relationship between Textile export performance and Economic Efficiency of Organized Composite Textile Industry in India. Researchers across the world have studied the Export Performance and Economic Efficiency individually, as well as their relationship. We have reviewed 105 research papers on the subject and developed common understanding to devise a conceptual model defining the relationship between Export Performance and Economic Efficiency to be used for further analysis in the context of Organized Composite Textile Industry in India.

Pages: 1676-1680
Sana Khan (Defence Institute of Psychological Research, DRDO, Delhi)

In Indian context, historically women are seen managing house while male being bread earner. But in 21st century an emerging female work force can be seen working shoulder to shoulder with men in different sectors like corporate, while male are also expected to help in household chores. Considering this, the study aims to compare the subjective well-being of the both gender managing the dual challenges. To analysis subjective well-being, level of happiness, life satisfaction and forgiveness have been compared. Correlations between happiness, life satisfaction and forgiveness have also been examined. 50 working male and 50 working female in corporate sector were selected through convenience sampling (Mage= 28 years, age range=21-35). Oxford happiness questionnaire by Argyle and Hills (2002) Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) by Diener et al. (1985) and Heartland forgiveness scale by Synder, Thompson, and Hoffman (2005) respectively were used. t test and coefficient of correlation were used to analyze the data. Results reveal that there is significant difference in level of happiness (t= 2.08, p≤ 0.01) with female scoring higher on this dimension. While, no significant difference is found in level of life satisfaction and forgiveness. The relationship between happiness and life satisfaction is found positive (r= 0.377, p≤0.01 level). No significant correlations have been found in happiness forgiveness (r = 0.144) and life-satisfaction-forgiveness (r = 0.055). The findings have been discussed in corroboration with related studies.

Pages: 1685-1687
Anjana Bhattacharjee, Ivan Das, and Jayasree Roy (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Tripura)

Geriatric depression has been affecting lots of older adults, which reduces their quality of life, their levels of happiness and also diminishes their life expectancies. The present study aims to explore and compare the depression levels among the elderly people living in old age homes and their families. 100 elderly people, between the age group of 60 to 90 years were selected for the study, 50 (35 males, 15 females) of whom resides with their respective families and the other 50, who were all females, resides in old age homes for at least past one year. Beck's Depression Inventory- II (BDI-II) by Beck (1961) was employed to assess depression. The scores were analyzed using Mean, S.D., t-test, Pearson 'r' correlation and Simple Linear Regression. The results revealed that depression in elderly people living in old age homes are significantly higher than those living with their families. There exists significant prediction of the place of residence and gender on the levels of depression of the elderly people.

Pages: 1690-1694
Sonal Agarwal (Department of Psychology, Navyug Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)
P. C. Mishra (Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

Education provides the means by which students widen their horizon of knowledge, gain a sense of meaning and identity and climb the ladder of success in life. Schools are a significant part of children's lives, where teachers have an invaluable role to play. A teacher provides the knowledge which guides students as they navigate their path in the world. Teaching is a prestigious vocation and a huge responsibility. In order to teach well, teachers must be effective. The aim of this research was to enumerate some of the key techniques of effective teaching, so that they can later be applied in a classroom environment. Relevant researches have also been cited.

Pages: 1698-1701
Suresh Kumar (Department of History, Govt. College for Girls, Datta, Hisar, Haryana)

The article is an attempt to have a glance at the contribution of Punjab to the first Indian Struggle in 1857 and seeks to defy the general idea that Sikhs of Punjab kept aloof from the first Indian Struggle, instead they helped the British to save their faltering feet on the soil of Punjab. The article is an attempt to explain the importance of Punjab province for the British to control all the country and why the Empire could not let it be slipped from under its yoke. As is the general perception that the British position in Punjab was quite safe and they were not feeling any problem in Punjab on account of the rebels. The realty was just the contrary to this generally held view, the British hold was not at all strong and safe in the Punjab during our First National Struggle. The article examines the swiftly shifting situations of the principle cities of then Punjab as Peshawar, Multan, Lahore, Amritsar, Ludhiana, etc. It also throws light on the wily plots, un-stately intrigues and the utmost cruelty adopted by the British to keep the situation under control, and although some Riyasats such as the Riyasats of Patiyala, Nabha, and Jind, were standing with the British, the common man and especially the peasantry stood against the national foe. And how the British had totally failed to prevent the native discontent and disaffection be expressed against the British rule. The article also exposes the British post-rebellion policies to dig and widen the ditch between the Eastern and the Western Indians, what was the main British policy, viz., divide et Impera.

Pages: 1706-1709
Jagan Mudgade and Vaidhai Jadhav (Department of Special Education (GF), NIEPID Regional Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Families are the critical agents in the care, management and habilitation of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Disability places a set of extra demands or challenges on the family system. Most of these demands last for a longer time. The present study used to explore parental stress in families with children with Disabilities. This study also examines parent's response to questions concerning the stress they are dealing with friends, family and doctors or other professionals. This study elaborates the assessment of the 25 families at NIEPID Regional Centre, Navi Mumbai. Further this work focuses on the impact raising a child with disabilities can have on the parents life. This study shows the needs considering the unique circumstances, what help should be given to parents, will also be studied in further research. When a child with disability is responsibility for the families, this may cause extra set of responsibilities on parents and this may increase their stress level mentally and May also increases other problems like financial crisis, more environmental pressure on such parents. There are many considerable events and much research which have proven this. However there are many parents who have shown positive look out for their child condition or disabilities. Vast research has shown that various adaptation and maladaptation of different habits may increase or suppress the different problems which may increase the difficulties. Multiple studies have found the nature and severity of child's disability to be significantly related to parental stress, as well as a child's temperament, behaviour problems and demands placed upon the parents. Variations in family environment have also been associated with successful family adaptation, and support networks beyond the immediate family have been identified as important mediators in parental stress.

Pages: 1715-1718
Archana Kumari Das and Masroor Jahan (Department of Clinical Psychology at Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand)

Cognitive dysfunction represents a core deficit in schizophrenia, and a number of studies (Green, 1996; Green et al., 2000) illustrate how cognitive deficits may strongly influence the clinical presentation and daily functioning of people with this illness. Cognitive therapy based on the concept that the way we think about things affects how we feel emotionally. Cognitive restructuring (CR) can be thought as if an umbrella term for a variety of cognitive-based approaches aimed at reducing negative automatic thoughts and ameliorating maladaptive schemas. Present study is aimed to reduce cognitive errors and improved attribution style in the patients with schizophrenia using cognitive restructuring therapy. Method: Selected Five (5) patient having Schizophrenia according to ICD-10 DCR from different inpatient department from Tertiary mental health care setup were analysed using the simple random sampling technique. After taking informed consent from the patient, socio-demographic and Attribution Style Questionnaire and Cognitive Error Questionnaire were administered. All the five patients were assessed in pre-level and then after intervention of 18 sessions, they were assessed at post-level. Data was analyzed with the help of Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analysis. Result & Discussion: Results showed the significant differences in all the domains of Attribution Style Questionnaire and Cognitive Error Questionnaire, in pre & post assessment at significant level of 0.01. In the study, it was found that application of cognitive restructuring therapy in the cases of schizophrenia has some effect in resolving cognitive error areas such as; catastrophization, over genralisation, personalisation and selective-abstraction as well improvement in their attribution style in areas such as; internality, stability and globality at bed as well good situation. Though mixed results in cases shows attribution style of the participants changed from the previous understanding due to use of cognitive restructuring therapy.

Pages: 1722-1725
Poonam and Arunima Gupta (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Identify in gand communicating own feelings are necessary for everyone because it affects our mental health. The person whois not able to identify the emotion scan exhibit signs of frustration toward self as well others. The persons with schizophrenia have difficulty in understanding and expressing their feelings as it affects persons' daily life as well as their emotional states. Alexithymia can be considered as vulnerable factor for the development of such symptoms in persons with schizophrenia. Thus the present study was planned in account to assess the degree of alexithymia in persons with schizophrenia which is judged to be an underlying cause. To find out the gender differences on alexithymia in persons with schizophrenia. A two group design was adopted. A purposive sample of 60 persons with schizophrenia out of which 30 male and 30 female fulfilling the selection criteria was administered Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) by Bag by, Parker and Taylor (1994a). The results were analyzed using t-test.Indicated that significant gender differences were found on total scores of alexithymia as well as on difficulty in describing feelings, but no differences were evident on difficulty in identifying and externally oriented feelings. The study concluded that males with schizophrenia had more degree of alexithymia than their counterparts which warrants clinical implications.

Pages: 1730-1734
Hunny Matiyani (National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science (NICFS), Delhi)
Shreyashi Sen (Department of Criminology (with Specialization in Forensic Psychology), GFSU, Gandhinagar, Gujarat)

Gender has been described as the social tags given to specific individuals based on the norms of the society. The existence of the image of gender biasness is present since the ancient times. There have been a lot of debates accounting for the same. In the recent times the advancement of media has gained popularity and has become a vital role in the functioning of the daily lives. According to the recent study, children spend about 4.5 hours every day watching television (Maanasi, 2017). This means they are bombarded with advertisements daily. As per National Survey of Children (2010) 72% children reported that they had no restrictions on the amount of time they could watch television. The current study focuses on the influence of gender stereotypical advertisements on children in the age group of 8 to 18 years. In this research the method used is descriptive in nature and purposive sampling technique is used for collecting the samples for the following study. The questionnaire was based on interview schedule and later questions were asked with respect to advertisements shown on laptop. In total five advertisements were taken i.e. tide plus, fair and lovely cream, everest chhole masala, the new XUV500 and layer shot maxx advertisements. The results imply that advertisements didn't have a direct influence on children; however, a gap between the ideas of children and the television commercials has come into notice.

Pages: 1738-1740
Arshi Khan and Neena Kohli (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh)

With the change in lifestyle large numbers of people are diagnosed with chronic pain and not only people from old age group but large numbers of people who are in the younger age group are also facing this problem. However, with the advent of medical intervention people are encouraged to learn how to adapt with their illness over the long term. Adaptation or adjusting to illness is a common term used in health psychology. In this regard the present paper is an attempt to review the literature regarding adaptation to chronic pain from biopsychosocial perspective. A study of chronic pain from biopsychosocial perspective will enable us to take into account the various biological, psychological and social perspective into consideration and by focusing on this model the neurological basis of pain could also be studied. A critical component of future research would be to integrate the neural data with behavioral correlate.

Pages: 1744-1747
Gagandeep Singh (Department of History, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The present research paper examines the observance of hunger strikes by the IInd Lahore Conspiracy Case prisoners in Lahore Central Jail in 1929 to uplift the terrible condition of the political prisoners. It starts with the filing of a complaint by the Punjab Police Superintendent under the seditious activities and in the Saunders murder case and further shed light on the activities of the under trial revolutionaries to resist the hearing. It highlights the peaceful struggle in the form of hunger strikes by Bhagat Singh and other accused under this case. This historic hunger strike resulted in the martyrdom of Das on September 13, 1929. The case drew attention the world over and the revolutionaries finally achieved their target to get special status in jails for Indian prisoners. On February 19, 1930, the government of India issued the New Jail Rules. Many demands were conceded, though it was still far short of the desired reforms.