Nonpharmacological Interventions to Delay Cognitive Decline: A Vulnerability Factor among Elderly

Description

Page: 443-446

Priyanka Panghal, Poonam Malik, Arju Saini, and Renu (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana)

Cognitive decline refers to the gradual reduction in brain functions such as concentration, learning, attention, and memory (Hayden et al., 2011). This decline varies among individuals, with each person experiencing different degrees of decline at specific ages. Although there are various pharmacological treatments available for cognitive decline, they often come with numerous side effects, including diarrhea, weakness, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, and bradycardia. Given these concerns, recent research has shifted focus to non-pharmacological strategies to delay cognitive decline. This review aims to highlight the evidence supporting the role of various physical and cognitive activities in mitigating cognitive decline among older adults. Both physical and cognitive approaches are directly linked to improved mental health in older adults, with more pronounced positive effects observed in middle-aged individuals and older adults without diagnosed cognitive decline. Studies indicate that lifestyle patterns and non-pharmacological strategies such as exercise, a Mediterranean diet, socialization, computer games, music therapy, and cognitive and behavioural therapies significantly enhance cognitive health in older adults. However, more longitudinal studies are needed to standardize the time, intensity, and duration of these non-pharmacological interventions.