Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 800-804
Kranti Sihotra (Govt. M.A.M College, Jammu)
Poonam Sharma (Department of Psychology, Jammu University, Jammu )

The present study will try to find out the gender issues in access of children to secondary education, the performance and academic achievement motivation of girls and boys and the underlying self esteem. Gender equality in education is the basic human right. Human capital is defined as the stock of knowledge and personal abilities an individual possesses, and is perceived as a factor of production that can be improved through education, training and experience. A normative survey method was used. Stratified random sample of school going children were part of the study (N=104). 52 boys and 52 girls were part of the study. Rosenberg self esteem scale and Sharma academic achievement motivation test (AAMT) were used as measuring instruments. The data obtained was analysed statistically. The results indicated that gender plays a significant role in access of enrolment of girls in secondary education but there is no significant difference in human capital.

Pages: 811-815
Hansita Ojha and B.G Singh (Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhatisgarh)

The purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in thinking styles among adolescence of two different regions Odisha and Chhattisgarh. Total 400 (200 boys and 200 girls) adolescents were taken in the sample. The Thinking Style Scale developed by John, Singh and Verma (2005) was used. The multivariate analysis revealed significant effect of gender, region, as well as their interaction effects on thinking styles of adolescents where judicial thinking style, executive thinking style, monarchic thinking style and anarchic thinking style had significant effect on gender. The legislative thinking style, Hierarchic thinking style, Oligarchic thinking style, Local thinking style had significant effect on region. The results also revealed that the interaction effect of gender and region had significant effect on legislative thinking style.

Pages: 820-822
Raja Lakshmi and Nandha Kumara Pujam (Department of Clinical Psychology, SRM Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu)

Internet has become an integral part of our life for the past one decade. In India use of internet is massive among students. There is growing concern about whether internet usage is excessive and does it leads to addiction. Furthermore prevalence study of Internet Addiction is need of the hour. The present study is to find out the prevalence of Internet Addiction and its associated depression in college students of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. In this study 200 college students from Kerala and Tamil Nadu were randomly selected. They were assessed for internet addiction and depression using the measures Internet Addiction Test and Beck Depression Inventory. This was a cross sectional study and the analysis include mean, standard deviation, percentage and 't'. Results show that 9% of college students of Tamil Nadu and 12% of college students of Kerala have depression associated with internet addiction.

Pages: 826-828
Archana Satsangi and Urvashi Sharma (Department of Psychology, Dayalbagh Institute of Education, Agra, Uttar Pradesh)

In the modern era, men are seeking an effective guidelines to illuminate their spirituality which enhances their physical, social, and emotional state. Therefore, the present research paper tries to investigate the effect of spirituality on emotional stability among middle aged working men and women. The sample consists of 50 subjects (25 males & 25 females) working in teaching profession. The sample has taken from Mathura city. Sample is equal in terms of education, income, age group and marital status. For measuring spirituality, 'Spirituality Attitude Scale' by Husain et al. (2010) and for emotional stability 'DPI (Dimension of Personality)' by Dr. Bhargav (1994) were used. To find out the effect of spirituality and gender on emotional stability 2×2 factorial design was used. The result of the present research reveals that there is a significant effect of spirituality and gender on emotional stability.

Pages: 831-835
Darshnita B. Ahluwalia and Promila Singh (School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh)

The aim of the present piece of research work is to examine empirically that Work Motivation, Organisational Climate and Hierarchical Level as Predictors of Job Satisfaction and Organisational Commitment among Railway Employees. Employing Expost-facto research where correlational design was employed and scientific methodology will be used to answer research questions. This study was conducted in Wagon Repair Shop, Raipur on 590 Railway employees in three different hierarchical levels. Significant differences were observed at three different hierarchical level. Decision making process and support system dimension in organisational climate emerged as significant predictors of job satisfaction. Dependence, organisational orientation, psychological incentives and material incentives, dimension of work motivation emerged as significant predictors of job satisfaction. Organisational structure, communication flow and identity problem and work motivation total dimension in organisational climate and work motivation emerged as significant predictors of organisational commitment.

Pages: 842-848
Deepa Ghosh (Department of Psychology, N. S. Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura)

Today most of the women are maintaining dual roles of an employee and housewives with economic support to their family. The study examines the degree of anxiety and suicide risk among married women. It aims to investigate whether there are any differences between working and non working women on anxiety and suicide risk. Further it explores the relationship between anxiety and suicide risk. The sample comprises of 70 married women (working women-35; nonworking women-35). The mode values of the age of working and non working women were 39 and 41 years respectively. Suicide Probability Scale by J. Cull and W. Gill and Bengali version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) adapted by Nikhil B. Mallik and Prabal K. Chattopadhyay were used as instruments for this research. Besides descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency and dispersions; t-test were applied for verification of the hypotheses. Findings reveal insignificant difference between the two groups on trait anxiety. But significant difference exists between them on state anxiety. Study reveals that a notable number of women possess suicide risk. Further significant differences are found between them on hopelessness, negative self evaluation and suicidal ideation. But, the difference is insignificant on hostility. Further significant relationships are established between the different sub scales of suicide risk and anxiety. The results of the present study may be used retrospectively to create responsiveness among people about suicide risk of the women and ensure societal change and psychological intervention to lessen suicide risk and improve the mental health of the women. It can be used as a revelation for both the employees and employers who need to see this issue as grave and take corrective measures. However, closer look at the scenario makes us comprehend that working women face lot of problems involving both job and family.

Pages: 854-858
Saima Munir and Anwaar Mohyuddin (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azim University Islamabad, Pakistan)

This article deal with the information regarding the social and cultural causes of female reproductive health issues in tribal area, Koh-Sulman village Bahratii district Dera Gahzi khan Punjab. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the status of woman in this region and the social and cultural causes that are the obstacles and leads to the serious issues of their reproductive health. The article reveal that social norms and cultural patterns like “nimorud system” (local Jirga or Sardar order that the women who have pregnancy of the accused family give the baby after the birth to the victim's family in form of marriage and can be named as marriage before birth.) gender base violence, negative attitude toward female birth and anti-attitude toward the use of contraceptives and family planning method that forced toward induced abortion that are the major causes of the female reproductive health problems. The present study will also analyze the deprivation of an area that has no basic health facilities and illiteracy that is a major hindrance in the development of the area. The data presented in this paper has been collected by using qualitative anthropological research technique.

Pages: 865-869
Antarjeeta Nayak and Jalandhar Pradhan (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha)

The concept of “Quality of Life” is much wider than standard of living or material living conditions. It takes into account the working conditions, the degree of social integration, health and education, economically or physically fragility. Only money can never be a real measure to quality of life. The paper is an effort to make a study on quality of life between the poor and the non-poor and to infer the impact of poverty on quality of life. Also, an attempt was made to assess the relation between the domains of Quality of Life. The study is conducted among 500 poor and 200 non-poor in the Rourkela city of Odisha. WHOQOL-BREF is used for the assessment of quality of life. Results from the analysis suggest that except the Social domain, all other domains of QOL such as overall QOL, overall Health, Physical domain, Psychological domain and Environmental domain, are having significant differences between poor and non-poor. However, interestingly, the analysis showed a highest mean score for Environmental domain of QOL among the poor compared to non-poor indicating a very good financial resource, opportunities for acquiring new information and skills, enjoying leisure activities, a high degree of freedom, physical safety and security, a better accessibility and quality of health and social care and a better home environment.

Pages: 874-884
Pooja Sahu (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi)
Urmila Rani Srivastav and Madhu Jain (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi)

Low birth weight has always been considered as the single most important factor of infant's future chances of survival, healthy growth and mortality. Women employees require special attention and protection during their pregnancy, because of pregnancy may decrease their capacity to cope withmany condition of working environment. Hence, the major objective of the present review was to examine the characteristics of working environment which are associated to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery and low birth weight. Studies published since 1988 to 2014 were systematically reviewed, and analyzed. The specific risk factors which were the focus of this review were: occupational stress, occupational fatigue, long working hours, heavy lifting, prolonged standing and shift work during pregnancy. The review paper ended with implications, recommendations and concluding comments.

Pages: 890-894
Ranjana (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The study was aimed to find out the relationship between personality and family environment on the basis of gender. The sample consisted of 200 students (100 boys and 100 girls), studying in different colleges of Kurukshetra district of Haryana. The age of the participants ranged between 17 and 21 years. The NEO- Personality Inventory and, Family Environment Scale were administered to collect data. The data were analyzed by using Pearson's Product Moment correlation and t test. The results of t test indicated significant difference in scores of neuroticism, agreeableness, active recreation orientation and organization for males and females. Females' correlation analysis indicated that neuroticism has strong negative correlations with cohesion, independence, active recreational orientation and organization and positive correlation with conflict. Extrovert personality has significant positive correlations with all the dimensions of family environment excluding expressiveness and moral religious orientation. Conscientiousness demonstrated strong positive correlations with achievement orientation, intellectual-cultural, active-recreational orientation and conflict. However, no association was found between openness and agreeableness, dimensions of personality with family environment. On the other hand male correlation analysis revealed that openness has strong positive correlation with independence, achievement orientation, intellectual and active recreational orientation. Agreeableness demonstrated positive correlation with cohesion and two strong negative correlations with conflict and control. Conscientious personality has strong positive correlation with moral religious orientation and organization. Neuroticism and extraversion were not found correlating with family environment.

Pages: 900-904
Rupali Joshi (Department of Psychology, Uttrakhand Open University, Haldwani )

The role of women in the society is constantly questioned and for centuries women have struggled to find their place in a world that is predominantly male oriented. Today number of women are successful in politics, technology and business etc. There is no profession today where women are not working. The sample consisted of 30 working and 30 non working women. Social Support scale by Arora and Kumar (1998), Modified Hindi version of Beck Depression by Arora and Prashant (1988) and Free Floating Anxiety Scale by Tripathi and Rastogi (1986) were used. There was no significant difference between working and non working women in anxiety and depression and social support. Anxiety was found to be correlated among working women in the areas of emotional support, informational support, companionship support and overall social support. Anxiety was not found to be correlated with any type of support among non working women. Depression was not found to be correlated with any type of social support among working women. Depression was found to be correlated among non working women on the areas of emotional support, companionship support and over all social support. Depression was not found to be correlated with informational support.

Pages: 910-913
Neha Parashar and C. R. Satish Kumar (Department of Clinical Psychology, Post-Graduate Institute of Behavioral and Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh )

Leprosy cases have reduced in great numbers now yet the existing affected population and the family members suffers with various social restrictions. These individuals have to deal with a poor quality of life and an ongoing struggle against stigma. The present study was aimed to study the Quality of life and Self Esteem in the adolescent children of patients with Leprosy. 100 students were selected from Jeevodaya School, Yesu Niwas Leprosy Rehabilitation Centre, Chhattisgarh and they were assessed on Rosenberg's self esteem scale (Rosenberg, M. 1989) and World Health Organisation Quality Of Life-BREF (WHO, 1996). Results showed that psychological health and environment were found to be comparatively higher than physical health and social relationship. The self esteem of the sample came out to be low that is 60% of the sample showed low self esteem followed by 40% showing average self esteem. Correlation between QOL and self esteem is relatively low; it is still a positive one, showing that a decrease or increase in the standards of quality of life affected the 'self-esteem' of the adolescents.

Pages: 919-923
R. S. Lal and A. P. Singh (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

Generally, human life is not going on a straight way. It runs on a zig-zag line. If a person feels good today, it is not necessary to be happy tomorrow also. In searching of better solutions, facing these small and big problems, and making adjustment with current situations and environment, a person feels stress more or less. People often have too many demands placed on their time, are worried about uncertain futures and have little time for family and fun. Stress affects us at home, work, and even on holidays. It is also listened often that everyone should learn to “deal” or “cope” with stress in our life. Although a lot of stress models described illustrate how many different viewpoints there are of work stress, and show how complex these processes may be, a more comprehensive model of work stress has been suggested in this paper. This model gives an overview of how changes in the nature of many work environments have led to increase in workplace stress, and how it may be implicated in many stress-related physical and psychological problems. Many existing models suffer from being either narrow in scope or lacking a role for individual differences, and lacking in predictive validity. This model adds a new dimension to think again about the workplace stress which has now become a common phenomenon among the employees. Every organism faces challenges from its external environment and from its personal needs. The organism must solve these problems to survive and thrive. In such a complex and competitive job environment, to find proper solutions or skills to cope with workplace stress, an employee would first need to understand the nature and whole process of workplace stress and this model would be more helpful to understand the work stress, its nature and whole process including an important role of individual capacity which exists in every stage, so that the better psychological therapies and medicinal treatments may be discovered in future to help such several employees to improve their health in the interest of the concerned organizations because employees are considered as backbone of any organization for development.