Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 384-388
Sadananda Reddy (Department of Social Work, Don Bosco Academy Degree and P.G College, Nalgonda, Telangana)
Prasad K. (Department of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bangalore)
Nidhi Mehta (Department of Clinical Psychology RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi)

Mental disorders are highly prevalent and have been associated with considerable suffering and impacts on emotional and physical health, functioning, and costs. Worldwide, epidemiological surveys have estimated rates of lifetime prevalence of mental disorders among adults and children ranging from 12.2 to 48.6%, and 12-month prevalence rates ranging from 8.4 to 29.1%. Recognizing barriers and their individual contributions to delaying or preventing access to mental health services is a key step to overcome obstacles. To assess barriers to access psychiatric care in children and adolescents with first episode psychosis. This study is cross sectional, hospital based, single contact, time bound study from June to December, 2012. Purposive sampling technique is used to select the samples of the study. This study is conducted at Out-Patient Department of Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CCAP) of Central Institute of Psychiatry (CIP), Kanke, Ranchi. Respondents of present study were the primary caregivers of the patient. The tools were assessed on Socio Demographic and Clinical Data Sheet and the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE) scale was developed in the Health Services and Population Research Department of the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, in London. The present study findings indicates that children and adolescents with first episode psychosis had moderate level of barriers having to access psychiatric care, children and adolescents had experienced more instrumental barriers, the reasons why people with mental ill health sometimes avoid or delay seeking help from health services are numerous and include instrumental barriers. Present study findings indicate that early recognition and treatment is crucial to improve illness course and prognosis and to reduce treatment complexity and costs for children and adolescents with first episode psychosis. Barriers to access, children and adolescents, first episode & psychiatric care.

Pages: 400-406
Bidisha Banerjee (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh)
Bidisha Banerjee (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh)

The present paper provides the historical background of inclusion of the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and six interconnected phases have been identified. The paper also highlighted the controversies regarding PTSD diagnostic criteria along with its misuses. Moreover, the paper discusses the inapplicability of PTSD diagnosis criteria to different cultural and social context and tries to advocate the necessity of an alternative approach of research to understand the reality of trauma and its victim. By providing five exemplary works which have portrayed trauma differently from the traditional views, this paper tries to highlight the limitations of bio-medical model in non-western context.

Pages: 411-413
Shabahat Bano (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study examined the parenting practice (parental acceptance, parental avoidance and parental concentration) on adjustment patterns(home adjustment, health adjustment, social adjustment and emotional adjustment) in male and female adolescents. The present sample comprised of 300 subjects, 150 male and 150 female between 14 to 20 years of age recruited randomly from high schools and students in graduate courses. Here, a cultured family relationship inventory by Brunken and Crites (1964) and Bell adjustment rating inventory (Hindi form) by Hussain, (1969) were used . The result indicated a negative and significant correlation between scores of parental acceptance and the scores of home (r=-.833), health (r=-.741), social (r=-.717), emotional (r=-.650) and total adjustment (r=-.818) (in case of adjustment negative sign shows better adjustment), which indicates that those who were high on their parental acceptance were also high on their home, health, social, emotional, as well as on their total adjustment. Also negative and significant correlation between parental concentration and gender (r=- .147) at .05 level of significance were also found. However, parental concentration is not significantly correlated with parental avoidance (r=.031), home (r=-.059), health (r=-.085), social (r=-.093), emotional (r=-.018) and total adjustment (r=-.070) of adolescents. When mean comparison was carried out on male and female adolescents. It was found that, female adolescents scored significantly higher (mean = 45.48) than the male adolescents (mean = 39.25) on parental acceptance. Similarly, female group were also found to be more adjusted on all areas of adjustment and its sub-dimensions than male group. Moreover the present study has also revealed the role of parental concentration on female adolescents. The findings of the present study suggest that since adolescence is a period of transition and, parents play a central role in their process of adjustment. Perception of parental acceptance and warmth would make adolescents self confident and independent in cognitive and social sphere.

Pages: 418-421
Pardeep Kumar and J. S. Bidlan (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of Naglieri's Planning Facilitation Method (PF) in mathematical deficits and among PASS processes of children with mathematical disabilities. A sample of 140 students (9-12 years), 70 in control group and 70 in experimental group were tested on Wide Range Achievement Test - 4 (WRAT - 4) and Das Battery of Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) in pre and post test conditions. Mathematical disabled children were diagnosed as scoring below 16th percentile on particular WRAT - 4 and CAS subtest. The experimental group received PF intervention for 4 months and was retested on WRAT - 4 and CAS. Results revealed that control group did not differ in any of the areas of maths and PASS processes. However, the experimental group recorded remarkable improvement on math computation and planning and simultaneous synthesis (P<.001). The findings provide an evidence of planning facilitation method's effectiveness in enhancing these deficit areas of children with mathematical disability.

Pages: 425-427
Megha Tendulkar (Department of Psychology, SNDT Womens University, Churchgate, Mumbai, Maharastra)

The paper aims to ascertain the influence of the maternal coping ability on the adolescent coping ability. The methodology used was to correlate the maternal coping ability and the adolescent coping ability of the children. The tool used was the Adolescent Coping Scale on the sample of 244 adolescent children in the age group of 13 to 16 yrs and the same too was adapted for their 244 middle aged 30 to 48 years mothers. Results indicated that there was positive effect of total coping ability of mothers on adolescents. In other words if maternal coping ability was high the adolescents also showed high level of coping ability.

Pages: 431-433
Neha Jain and Harish (Department of Psychology, M.D.U., Rohtak, Haryana)
Savita Ahlawat (Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Chiri, Rohtak, Haryana)

Internet usage has become quite common and highly frequent amongst the people at any age. There are studies indicating that chronic usage enhances some negativistic characteristics like anxiety, depression, loneliness etc. However, internet surfing is also a source of knowledge, thus boosting individual personality. Therefore, a study on the adolescents' subjects was conducted if internet usage is correlated with anxiety. Another parameter taken was self esteem. The selection of this variable was based on the preposition that enhanced knowledge should enhance the self-esteem. A total of 100 Ss were selected and given Self Esteem Inventory, General Anxiety Scale, and Internet Addiction Test. The age group was 16 to 20. The scores would be analyzed to find out the correlation of the amount of internet usage with anxiety and self-esteem.

Pages: 437-440
Urmita Chakraborty (Department of Psychology, HMM College for Women, Kolkata)

Chronic illnesses represent conditions that are not normal in functioning. A complete recovery from such insidious conditions is unobtainable. Thus, a long period of care, supervision and rehabilitation activities are called for in such cases. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic illness. Its many signs are taken care of symptomatically, but the core treatment remains undiscovered. The importance of culture will be taken into considerations in this context. Besides, the probable causes will be discussed through psychological models of affect control and self categorization. Asuitable management scheme will also be attempted in addition to this.

Pages: 448-450
Nalini Malhotra and Ravneet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

In today's world ,adolescence is a time of changes, exploration, and youth searching along with the time of worry and problems. The emotional intelligence represents a capacity of control and self-control over stress and negative emotions. Emotional intelligence is a potential risk factor in behavioral problems in adolescence years and the lack of balanced development of emotional intelligence in adolescents could be associated with a variety of internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Beliefs play an essential role in human beings' life. Irrational beliefs are unrealistic reasoning process by which external events are interpreted and through which emotional distress is mediated. The effects of irrational beliefs are widespread, i.e., it is not limited to academic environment but spreads to other areas viz., social and personal. REBT (rational emotive behavior therapy) is being considered a comprehensive intervention that incorporates cognitive restructuring with emotions and behavioral application & recently introduced into classroom setting with adolescents. Rational emotive education (REE) is a preventive interventional mental health program through which children and adolescents can learn positive mental health concepts & social emotional skills. Rational emotive approaches aim at making irrational beliefs into rational ones, increasing the social emotional skills and enhancing self-esteem of adolescents. The inclusion of the focus on emotional intelligence as part of curriculum could lead to a variety of positive personal, social and societal outcomes. The present paper, highlighting the affective and emotional factors, focuses on the rational emotive approaches applied particularly to the problems of adolescents. The research on REE would help the policy makers and counselors to prepare appropriate counselling programs and workshops which will provide the preventive & intervention strategies in order to help adolescents reduce their irrational beliefs.

Pages: 461-466
Linu Sara George (Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal)
P.S.V.N. Sharma (Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal)
Sreekumaran Nair (Department of Statistics, Manipal University Manipal)

Patients with Bipolar Disorder experience psychosocial impairment which can extent to all areas of functioning. Psychosocial interventions can play a major role in improving the overall functioning of the individual. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of psych-education on quality of life and disability among persons with Bipolar Disorder. The study was conducted among 50 persons with Bipolar Disorder between 20-60 years of age without any chronic illness in the Psychiatry wards of two hospitals in Udupi District, Karnataka. A randomized controlled trial with two group parallel design was used with a sample size of 50; 24 in experimental and 26 in control group. Four sessions of psycho-education was conducted for the patient in experimental group after the baseline assessment and the outcome was measured immediately after the intervention and at 1 month and 3 months. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to find the effectiveness of psycho educative intervention on quality of life and disability. The difference obtained in the quality of life scores between the experimental and the control group was not significant (p=0.27). There was decrease in the disability scores of experimental group as compared to the control group but the change observed was very minimal (p=0.04).From the present study it was concluded that psycho-education is useful in the routine care of persons with Bipolar Disorder.

Pages: 471-474
Amogh Talan and Pragyendu (Sri Aurobindo College (Evening), University of Delhi, New Delhi)
Amirul Hasan Ansari (Center for Management Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relation between well-being and future orientation of individuals from middle class in India, and their retirement saving attitudes and retirement savings perception. With the life expectancies of individuals in India expected to rise steeply in next 20 years along with their standards of living, it becomes imperative to analyze whether their present well-being and orientation for the future are allowing them to save adequately to ensure a comfortable living after the retirement. Future orientation is the extent to which individuals involve themselves planning for their future after retirement. Well-being measures how much the individual is satisfied with the conditions of his life. Retirement saving attitudes shows the vigor with which an individual practices to save for his retirement. Retirement savings perception reflects how individuals perceive to finance their living after the retirement. Using multiple regression analysis we found a significantly positive relation between the individual's well being and their retirement saving attitudes. Results for retirement savings perception reinforced the belief that middle class people from India are highly conservative when it comes to saving (in contrast of being risk takers).

Pages: 480-483
Md. Raqueb Ansari and Masroor Jahan (Department of Clinical Psychology, Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand)

Schizophrenia is still considered to be chronic and depilating illness. The aim of the present study is to manage the delusion and hallucination in patients with schizophrenia. 24 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 DCR were chosen from different inpatient department of RINPAS, kanke using the simple random sampling technique. After taking informed consent from the patients, socio-demographic and clinical data sheet and PSYRATS were administered and they were randomly assigned to CBT+TAU and TAU group. Cognitive behaviour therapy was given to CBT+TAU group, total 17-20 sessions of 45 minutes each with a frequency of thrice a week. After completion of the therapy sessions, post assessment was done and follow up assessment was done after six months of post assessment. Data was analyzed with the help of Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square Test was used for statistical analysis. The significant reduction was found in delusion and hallucination. Cognitive behaviour therapy was found to be effective in management of delusion and hallucination.

Pages: 488-491
Saloni Chandalia, Divya Saxena and Radha Rani (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Wellbeing is generally understood as the quality of people's lives. It is a dynamic state that is enhanced when people can fulfil their personal and social goals. It is understood both in relation to objective measures, such as household income, educational resources and health status; and subjective indicators such as happiness, perceptions of quality of life and life satisfaction. There is some emerging consensus that childhood wellbeing is multi-dimensional, should include dimensions of physical, emotional and social wellbeing; should focus on the immediate lives of children but also consider their future lives; and should incorporate some subjective as well as objective measures. There has been a gradual shift in the last few years away from being over reliant on objective measures of child wellbeing towards engaging children and young people in defining the parameters around what constitutes wellbeing. This move has revealed some important differences in how adults and children define wellbeing and the aspects of wellbeing that children prioritise compared to adults. Studies have indicated that wellbeing is negatively associated with income inequality and positively associated with spending on family benefits and services. Others have revealed that there is no direct association between poor childhood wellbeing and the prevalence of 'broken families'. There is a close association between childhood wellbeing and positive family relationships. The aim of this research paper is to provide an overview of recent evidence in the field of childhood wellbeing. To fulfill the aim of the study, it will employ purposive sampling including 60 samples (30 unprivileged school going children, 30 privileged school going children)