Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 1024-1026
Lata Sati and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study aims to assess the influence of academic anxiety on self-esteem of learning disabled children. The total sample for the present study consisted of 80 learning disabled children. The sample was selected from remedial centres/ schools with remedial services in Ludhiana, Chandigarh, and Khanna. Only those children were selected who belonged to intact families and had been formally diagnosed as learning disabled by a certified psychologist or remedial educationist and had been taking remediation for a period of at least 6 months. Cooper smith Inventories (School Form) by Cooper smith (1981) was used to assess self-esteem of learning disabled children. Academic Anxiety Scale by Singh and Gupta (2009) was used to assess levels of academic anxiety among children. Results reflected that children with learning disability were found to be academically either highly anxious or less anxious. The learning disabled children who were having high self-esteem were found to have low academic anxiety in contrast to children having medium self-esteem.

Pages: 1031-1035
Masaud Ansari, Sajid Ali Khan, and Shah Mohd. Khan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

This study was carried out on 600 School/college Teachers to determine the psychometric characteristics, i.e., objectivity, reliability, validity and practicability of a bilingual (English & Hindi) Teacher's Occupational Stress scale. The responses are on a Likert type pattern. Cronbach's Alpha of the scale was 0.91, which is excellent. Content validity of the scale was verified by a number of experts, academicians and professionals. Using a more structured method, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out and three (3) factors emerged in the analysis. In summing up all three factors explained 50.55% of the total variance which confirms the very high factorial/construct validity. Further, inter-factorial correlations among sub dimensions of Teacher's Occupational Stress scale found highly significant. It can be concluded that the present piece of research work confirms high objectivity, reliability, validity and practicability of Teacher's Occupational Stress scale. Conclusion drawn, uses for training, assessment, intervention and research purposes proposed.

Pages: 1040-1043
R. Lalnuntluangi, Kavya Chelli, and Meera Padhy (Centre for Health Psychology, University of Hyderabad, Central University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana)

Many diabetes patients neglect their role in management of diabetes, which requires self- management in addition to medical treatment. This correlational study examined self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and self-management of type 2 diabetes patients. It was hypothesized that self-efficacy and outcome expectancy would be predictors of self-management. Seventy eight patients from different hospitals and clinics of Mizoram were administered the Multidimensional Diabetes Questionnaire and Diabetes Self-management Questionnaire. The results provided considerable support of the hypotheses. The implications of the present findings for intervention of chronic illness, shortcomings of the present study and future directions were discussed.

Pages: 1049-1051
Aijaz Ahmad and Mohd Altaf (Department of Psychiatry, GMC, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir)
Tahseen Jan, Saima Hassan, Rifat Majeed, and Nasir Ahmad (Department of Psychology, Indira Gandhi National Open Universit, New Delhi)

The abuse of drugs is an international problem which affects almost every country in the world, and same is the case with Kashmir. Drug abuse is increasing day by day in Kashmir resulting in number of patients being admitted daily for drug deaddiction in Kashmir. The present study was designed to assess socio-demographic background, personality and resilience among such patients. A sample of 30 male patients diagnosed as having substance use disorder were selected by using purposive sampling method from the drug de-addiction centre. Socio-demographic data sheet, 16 PF questionnaire and The Conner Davidson Resilience Scale was used to assess personality and resilience among patients. The result findings revealed that most of the patients belonged to high income nuclear families having age below 25 years, and were unmarried and illiterate. Most common subastance abused was cannabis. Most of the patients were having personality factors like Less intelligent, self-sufficient, experimenting and affected by feelings. Resilience factors were found to have helped in rehabilitation. The study helps to find the pattern of drug abuse across different socio-demographic variables in Kashmir as well as the personality factors which predispose for such problem. This understanding can be quite useful in prevention and management of drug abuse.

Pages: 1055-1057
Pallavi Sane (Consulting Psychologist, Department of Clinical Psychology Fergusson College, Pune, Maharashtra)
Anil Sawarkar (Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychology, Fergusson College, Pune, Maharashtra)

Research shows that there are many positive benefits of having pets, the present study attempts to validate and explore whether pets will be able to reduce stress. This being the foundation, the present study is thus conducted. The present study is aimed at finding the difference of stress levels between pet owners and non-pet owners. Smith Stress Symptoms Inventory was administered to a sample of 160 individuals, 80 pet owners and 80 non-pet owners consisting of 40 males and 40 females in each group. The age range selected was from 20years up to 60years with the socio-economic status of over 5 lakhs per annum and above. The sample obtained was from working class. The obtained data was subjected to two-way ANOVA. The results indicated that pet owners had lower levels of stress as compared to non-pet owners as well as the study also showed that gender did not contribute to stress. The non-pet owners showed a high score on dimensions of worry/negative emotions, anxiety, depression, striated muscle tension, interpersonal conflict and attention deficit, indicating higher levels of stress. The study was divided into qualitative and quantitative data. For qualitative data 15 pet owners were interviewed based on a structured interview questionnaire.

Pages: 1061-1063
Anubhuti Jain, Shweta Singh, and Manu Agarwal (Department of Psychiatry, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

Youth with borderline personality experience intense mood swings and exhibit impulsivity, aggression and self harm behavior markedly. Although CBT has proven to be an effective treatment approach for such patients. Need is felt to incorporate other therapies like family therapy especially when unfavorable childhood experiences and disturbed familial relations have a role to play. This case study aimed to discuss about an efficacy of integrated intervention combining application of CBT along with Family therapy in a young girl with adolescent borderline personality. We report a case of a young girl presenting with complaints of verbal and physical aggression and excessive impulsivity increased in family context present from childhood. She had negative childhood experiences. Since she refused hospitalization and pharmacological intervention, she was managed on out-patient basis by using integrated intervention combining application of CBT along with Family therapy. As the therapy progressed, the patient reported improvement in terms of general well-being and gradually, there was 70% improvement according to the patient as well as her mother. Childhood experiences and family relationships play a pivotal role in contributing towards personality formation in adolescents. Combining CBT with Family Therapy may prove to be beneficial in such cases.

Pages: 1068-1071
Mahdy Jahan Ara (Master of Medicine, Iran)
Adel Ghari and Razieh Esfandiari (Department of Counseling, Khomeini Shahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeini Shahr, Iran)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of Ego in relation to marital adjustment. A semi-experimental design was a pre-test-post-test with a control and experimental group. The statistical population consisted of 80 couples in Esfahan city of Isfahan, 80 women and 80 men. Sampling method is available using available samples. The sample size was divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Ego therapy in 6 sessions per hour (weekly one session). Both groups responded to questions about the fear of negative evaluation once before intervention and once upon completion of the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as covariance analysis. Findings showed that amateur training has a significant effect on improving the overall score of fear of negative evaluation.

Pages: 1075-1078
Rashmi Upreti (Department of Human Development & Family Studies College of Home Science, P.A.U., Ludhiana, Punjab)
Ritu Singh (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A.&T., Pantnagar, Uttarakhand)

Most of the mobile phones nowadays are addressed as 'smartphone', as they offer more advanced computing power and connectivity than a contemporary mobile phone. Mental health experts are coining the term “smartphone slaves” for those persons who undergoes behavioural changes that come with excessive usage of smartphones. In coming years, this addiction is likely to be growing even more common because of the rising demand and access of the smartphones. Surveys and data reporting a clear picture that smartphones are overpowering man and hence man is day by day becoming slaves of these smartphones. Youths are more susceptible of this addiction, and this addiction in turn harms their health, psychology, communication skills etc. Smartphones excessive usage affecting the face to face communication, replacing the relationships and hence affecting the family functioning. Literature reveals that gender of user has great impact over the usage of smartphones and its selection. Gender is associated with mobile phone involvement. Family support is very much fruitful to fight against the slavery, so, as much as possible keep the addicted person busy and involve them in household activities. Smartphone is an important and useful invention of science, without which it would be hard to survive. So, preventive steps should be taken and phone should be use within limits.

Pages: 1083-1086
Anagha Lavalekar and Sanhitta Karmalkar (Jnana Prabodhinis Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra)

Quality of Life (QOL) and Psychological Well-being (PWB) are dynamic constructs. Various social, cultural and environmental factors influence an individual's experience of the quality of his life and well-being at any particular point in time. This study investigates the role of age in determining people's QOL and PWB. So, four age groups namely 20-29, 30-39, 40-59 and 60-and above have been compared with respect to their Quality of Life (factual) and Psychological Well-being. Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale by Robert Cummins (1997) and Ryff's Scale of Psychological Well-being constructed by Carol Ryff (1995) have been used. Total 330 urban participants were included in the study. One Way ANOVA was used to analyze the results. On Quality of Life (only the factual domain), significant differences were found on Material well-being, Health, Productivity, Safety and Total factual Quality of life. On Psychological Well-being, four age groups differed significantly on positive relations with others, environmental mastery, personal growth and total psychological well-being. Findings have been discussed in the light of relevant literature.

Pages: 1093-1095
Gouri Shankar Tenginkai (Faculty of Management, Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana)
N. K. Chadha (Dean, Faculty of Behavior and Social Sciences, Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana)
Chavi Bhargava Sharma (Dean, Faculty of Management, Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana)

Bonding is most important to achieve marital success. Empathy plays a vital role in enhancing emotional closeness between the married partners. It's one of the most important form of human psychotherapy and has contributed in enhancing the growth in most forms of relationships. Communication is the key to happy marriage and the emotional layer of communication is most vital for married couples. Good emotional communication is the foundation that enhances problem-solving skills, resulting in strong marital bonding between the spouses. In the past, marital bond between the spouses were stronger, as marriage then was never a source of deriving happiness. In the recent times, the new modern era marriages are no more about strong marital bond, as they only strive for individual happiness, self goals and self centered desires and aspirations. Emotional equality between the married partners that include qualities like love, sympathy, loyalty and patience; are required to achieve lasting marital bond. Marriage is a bond between two equal partners, this understanding and mental maturity will not allow dominance of either partner and will strengthen the marital bond. As Mahatma Gandhi rightly said that marriage is a partnership and not a hierarchical arrangement. To achieve the status of marital bond being stronger than blood bond, the married couples must strive for an emotional bond between them. Your marriage is the most important relationship you will ever have, and marriage is an ultimate bond between two partners, and hence its very importance to keep up the promise of 'Till death do us apart' that the couples made while they got married, to achieve and win an everlasting strong marital bond.

Pages: 1102-1106
Seema Vinayak and Madhvi Malhotra (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Technological revolutions and inventions have provided the world with various inventions for various purposes. Each and every invention has brought comforts additionally as well as some threatening effects with it. Same is in the case with mobile phone technology. Addictive mobile phone use can be regarded as an impulse control disorder that does not involve an intoxicant and is similar to the addictive use of various technologies, such as the internet. Since its appearance in the psychiatric and clinical psychology literature, problematic use of the Mobile phone has been viewed as a disorder and conceptualized as an addictive behavior (Billieux, 2012). Therefore it is an important area to be explored. The current investigation was designed to study the impact of Impulsiveness on Mobile phone addiction and to compare Mobile phone addiction and Impulsiveness among adolescent males and females. For this purpose Impulsiveness scale (Barratt, 1995) and Mobile phone addiction scale (Velayudhan & Srividya, 2012) were administered to a sample of 100 adolescents (50 males & 50 females) in the age range of 14-19years. The sample was collected from the private schools of Chandigarh. Pearson Product Moment Correlation method was used for statistical analysis of the results in order to determine the impact of impulsiveness on mobile phone addiction and t-test was used to compare mobile phone addiction and impulsiveness among adolescent males and females. Impulsiveness has been positively correlated to mobile phone addiction.

Pages: 1114-1117
Bindu (Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

In the era of development, elderly women living alone are facing problems. Due to development and migration, children move to other cities and starts living in the nuclear family set up. Here, elderly women who are physically and mentally dependent on their children are left behind. They face different type of problems in their day to day life, loneliness is one of them. Impact of development on loneliness has made the life of elderly women more vulnerable. The paper focused upon impact of development on loneliness among elderly women that are living alone. The main objectives of the study were to find out the profile of the elderly women and to highlight the impact of development on loneliness among elderly women living alone in the society. An empirical study was done through the non-probability sampling and 30 elderly women were selected with the help of snow ball method. Data was collected through interview schedule. It was found that a large number of the elderly women were facing a moderate level of loneliness followed by a complete loneliness. Thus, impact of development was reported by elderly women. It can be concluded that development is a process of social change which can affect the society positively as well as negatively. In the case of elderly women living alone, development has affected negatively as they face more loneliness.

Pages: 1121-1123
Manju Mishra (Department of Psychology, H.R.P.G. College, Khalilabad, Sant Kabir Nagar, Uttar Pradesh)

Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness. It plays a significant role in promoting well-being. Jon Kabat-Zinn one of the prominent thinkers of mindfulness defined it as paying attention in a particular way on purpose in the present movement and nonjudgementally. Researchers have found that enhancement of mindfulness through training facilitates a variety of well-being outcomes. Mindfulness incorporates both aspects of consciousness, i.e., attention and awareness. Attention and awareness are important characteristics of normal functioning. Mindfulness can be considered as enhanced attention to and awareness of present experience. This paper attempts to define the concept of mindfulness and its relation to similar psychological constructs. An elaborate description of role of mindfulness in promoting physical and psychological well being has been presented. There are evidences which show that mindfulness is crucial to the operation of healthy regulatory process. Such interplay of mindfulness and different facts of well being have been addressed.