International Journal of Education and Management Studies

Pages: 36-44
Sandeep Kaur (Guru Nanak Institute of Management and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab)

India is a growing economy with a perspective ownership of more banking assets. This banking sector foresees more women employees which is a positive sign of breaking the prevailing glass ceiling in banking sector. Glass ceiling can be regarded as an imperceptible fence that hamper the upward movement of women to the top management positions in the organization. In the present era, India has risen up as a growing economy having forthcoming ownership of more banking assets. This has resulted in creation of more job avenues in banking sector. . A persistent increase in percentage of women employees in the banks shows a positive sign of breaking of glass ceiling. The present study analyses how the glass ceiling affects in different public sector, private sector banks. For analyzing this primary data was used to judge the characteristics and attitude of women employees towards the glass ceiling. Asteady increase in women employment participation in the banks is analyzed from primary data. Attitude on glass ceiling beliefs provide a clear picture of women's view on this. Exploratory research design has been used on a total sample size of 150, working women employees in banking sector located in Ludhiana. The data collected through questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tools. The averages and percentages were calculated for descriptive statistics and inferential statistics was used for testing of hypothesis. Major findings are that there is prevalence of Glass ceiling in banking sector, women employees in private banks are victimized than public sector banks. Attitudes and behaviors of married and aged women were disturbed due to glass ceiling. A huge number of women employees from the sample observed that the male members had pre dominated the top positions. Women get very less career advancement and training opportunities due to stereotype thinking. A set of women employees also felt that they were victim of psycho glass ceiling as they did nit free themselves from the clutches of family problems, balancing professional and private life, lack of confidence, foreign trips, jealous of peer groups, etc. Despite the increased numbers of women participation in the workforce and achieving management positions, the 'glass ceiling' still exists.

Pages: 29-31
Pravleen Kaur (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Pratibha Goyal (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Davinder Singh (Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

COVID-19 which originated in the city of Wuhan, China was declared as pandemic by WHO in February, 2020. It spread at an alarming rate and created the situation of panic all over the world, which forced most of the countries including India to go for complete lockdown. All the industries were affected but hotel industry was one of the worst hit. Mass cancellations of accommodations and bookings were faced by hotels. They had to pay salaries even without earning a penny. Some projects which were at initial stage were called off from the fear of losses. The industry was given no relief by government even in stimulus package. Even after re-opening of hotels the occupancy rate stayed very low. The revenue per available room fell drastically and so did overall revenue of the industry. Half of the industry was left unemployed. As the international travel was restricted so the FTAs also decreased drastically. Present study highlighted the issues and challenges faced by hotel industries during corona period in India, which will guide the policy makers in planning policies and strategies regarding promotion of hotel industries in better way

Pages: 19-25
Ekta (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Binoo Sehgal (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Acashless economy is the one which curtails cash in form of physical bank notes or coins and uses digital money. In a cashless system, payments take the form of money exchange in an electronic form which makes it safe and reliable. The present study was conducted in two districts, i.e., Hisar and Bhiwani of Haryana state with objectives: (i) to assess the comparison of satisfaction by working and non-working homemakers regarding cashless transaction (ii) to identify the level of satisfaction of respondents regarding cashless transaction. Two wards were randomly selected from both district headquarter. From each selected wards 50 homemakers having their own bank account were selected purposively through snowball technique. 100 working and100 non-working homemakers were selected thus, total 200 homemakers were selected. Apretested interview schedule was used to collect data and further analyzed using (SPSS). The findings of the study reveal that 94.5% respondents were satisfied with the terms of 'confident in doing cashless transaction' and 93.5% respondents were satisfied with the terms of 'easy to use'. Also the study shows that 49.5% respondents had medium level, followed by 30.0% with high and 20.5% with low level of satisfaction

Pages: 7-12
Ekta Melkani (Department of Family Resource Management, CCSHAU Hisar, Haryana)
Kiran Singh (Department of Family Resource Management, CCSHAU Hisar, Haryana)
Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, CCSHAU Hisar, Haryana)

The review study deals with various data for developing the entrepreneurial interventions for the rural women especially in India. The world is leading for economic developments still there are many women who haven't got the same literacy as men as well as are far behind in labor participation and earnings. This study provides the insight of why women empowerment is the need of the hour, how SHGs and Micro enterprises have helped the women to develop globally over the time and what are the other needs that need to be tackled for smooth developments in near future. The study focuses on the facts that gender discrimination has been driven down due to women empowerment except for the poor and unprivileged households, where patriarchy still exists. Also it is shown in the study that how the empowerment of women provides them considerable status and decision making power in the family and influences their opportunities as equal to men counterparts. The opportunities in disguise and futuristic potentials have been briefly discussed that are going to affect women's choices and abilities post Covid-19 pandemic.

Pages: 330-335
Neda Mehrjoyan (Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Khozestan Branch, Technical and vocational universithy (TVU), Khozestan, Iran)

The present study was conducted to determine the success rate of leadership styles in predicting the creativity and work creativity of physical education teachers in Khuzestan province. The present study is descriptive and correlational. While the present study is a kind of applied research. The method of data collection is through a questionnaire. Using simple random cluster sampling, the statistical sample of the present study is identified, and in a suitable situation, the research questionnaire is delivered to them to collect information. The present study population includes all official physical education teachers in Khuzestan province in 2016. whose number is 245 (131 men & 114 women) according to the published statistics of the education Organization of the province. According to Morgan's table, the desired sample number is 152 people.

Pages: 342-345
Rajesh Dahiya (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing I.C. College of Home Science, CCS, Hisar, Haryana)
Saroj Yadav (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing I.C. College of Home Science, CCS, Hisar, Haryana)

Indian handloom sector of the textile industry is ancient and has served the economy well in terms of employment. The relevance of handloom sector in agrarian economy is massive because of its linkage with crucial and sensitive sector like agriculture. Lack of adequate market outlets dampens the enthusiasm of artisans who need to help in terms of product design, value addition and prevalent styles. Present study was aimed to provide knowledge and skill about value addition in handloom weaving to increase market avenues. Trainings were imparted to fifty women of self help groups who were already engaged in durrie weaving. Overall training effectiveness index was found 80.21 percent, while highest in embellished bags i.e. 94.66 percent. Perceived feasibility of value addition in weaving was observed highest for cultural compatibility and physical compatibility 93.33 percent, the overall PAFI was 89.87 percent. Significant difference was observed in self confidence 4.12*, managerial ability 2.68 and motivation 4.06. Adoption level and purpose of adoption indicated that 50.00 percent respondents adopted for household purpose and 18.00 percent as income generating activity.