IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 988-997 The major purpose of this study was to assess the current practice of provision of counseling services rendering in preparatory schools of Wollega Zones. It was designed to assess students and staff members' awareness and attitude towards counselors and counseling services, counselor's practical activities and delivery systems of counseling services and assessed the major challenges hinder counselors in giving counseling services. The targets of the study were East Wollega and West Wollega zones which were randomly selected from four Wollega Zones. Five Preparatory schools were purposely selected from the two selected Wollega Zones. The study involved counselors, school Directors, teachers and students. Accordingly, 10 Counselors and 10 Directors were selected by availability sampling method. From 167 Teachers, 50 of them were selected by simple random sampling method. From 5033 students, 350 of them were selected randomly after stratifying within their grade levels and sections. Both close-ended and open-ended questionnaires were administered and distributed for Counselors, Teachers and Students. Semi-structured interview was designed for school directors. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to analyze and interpret the obtained data. These were descriptive and inferential statistical values such as percentages, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one way ANOVA and Post-hoc test. Interview response summary was analyzed qualitatively. The result of the study revealed that, school members have low awareness towards counseling services, positive attitude towards counselors and counseling services. Counselors reported as they render both guidance and counseling services where predominantly guidance service is given. The outcome of t-test and one way ANOVA dictated as there was statistically significant difference between male and female students use counseling services in terms of sex and age respectively. Post-hoc test showed as the three age groups (1620, 21-25 & above 25 years) being compared all are significantly different from each other. Counselors reported as they face many challenges to render effective counseling services. |
Pages: 998-1002 Researches on Learning Disability have shown that the stigmatized attitude causes several functional difficulties among adolescents in their social environment. A planned intervention has been cited as a remedy to overcome stigmatized attitude towards disability especially in early adolescents which would help in a developing an optimistic future. The present research work has tried to explore whether a planned integrated holistic intervention would be able to bring about a change in the Attitude towards Disability among school Children. The Attitude towards Disability was measured using Attitude toward Disability Scale as measured by Power, Green, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Group, 2010. The sample which were chosen based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, (n=100, Boys (n=81) and Girls (n=19) aged between aged 13-15 were given forty sessions on Specific Skill Development Intervention for reading, writing and arithmetic and besides interpersonal relations and communications. A pre-post-follow up research design was followed and the results showed that the Integrated Training Program (ITP) was able to bring about differences in the Gains, and Prospects dimension and not in the Discrimination dimension of Attitude towards Disability. Based on the results, several policy implications have been discussed |
Pages: 1003-1008 The aim of the present study is to manage Anger among the Murder Convicts in Central prison of Tripura. Based on the purposive sampling technique 50 male murder convicts who were having anger management problems were selected from Kendriya Sansodhanagar, Bishalgarh Tripura. Their age ranged from 20-65 years. Their level of anger was assessed using Spielberg's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Then intervention techniques were administered to the murder convicts for a period of 6 weeks .After the completion of 6 weeks, the level of anger was again assessed. Results indicated that there is reduction in the level of anger among the murder convicts after administering interventions. |
Pages: 1009-1012 The continuing care of children with special needs is often stressful for parents as these children's difficulties inevitably touch their lives. Raising a child with special needs (autism, physical disability, dyslexia & soon) can be a difficult task for parents. Being positive about the future of the children and having spiritual values may somehow improve the quality of life of the parents. The present study aimed to explore the influence of spiritual values and positive thinking on quality of life among parents of children with special needs. The study includes three groups of parents of children with special needs, i.e., (autism, physical disability & dyslexia) each group consists 50 subjects, the data was collected from NIMH, Delhi, India, by using spiritual values scale (Najam, Hussain, & Khan, 2015) positive thinking scale (Diener & Diswas-Diener, 2008) and quality of life scale (WHOQOL-BREF). Suitable statistical approach will be used to analyse the data. |
Pages: 1013-1017 The present study entitled 'effect of value orientation on environmental ethics of adolescents' was undertaken in the Kapurthala district of Punjab. The study was designed to study the effect of value orientation on environmental ethics of adolescents. The sample comprised of 200 adolescents (100 boys & 100 girls) of age group 14-16 years. Personal Value Questionnaire by Sherry and Verma was used to assess the value orientation of adolescents. The scale had questionnaire consisted of 40 items representing ten types of values namely Religious Values, Social Values, Democratic Values, Aesthetic Values, Economic Values, Knowledge Values, Hedonistic Values, Power Values, Family Prestige Values and Health Values. Environmental Ethics Scale by Taj was used to assess the environmental ethics of the adolescents. The scale consists of 41 items related to different aspects of environmental ethics i.e. sanitation, cleanliness, hygiene, flora and fauna, water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and saving energy. Results revealed that religious, democratic and family prestige values had made a positive and significant contribution in the environmental ethics of respondents. |
Pages: 1018-1020 The objective of the study to see the status of ego virtue hope as a function of locale ,culture and gender among college students of Raipur. The sample was selected on stratified incidental basis. It consisted of 400 students; male ( 100) and female (100) student of tribal culture and male (100) and female (100) students of non-tribal culture (in each group 50 rural 50 urban students respectively). In this present study 2x2x2 factorial design has been used. In this design students divided into two groups of culture tribal and non-tribal culture. Ego virtue hope is dependent variable and culture tribal and non-tribal are independent variable. |
Pages: 1021-1025 The main aim of the study was to examine the effect of religiosity and emotion regulation on prosocial behavior. Forty eight females in the age range of 18 to 24 completed the questionnaire measures of Religiosity (Bhushan, 1970) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and Prosocial Personality Battery (Penner, Fritzsche, Craiger, & Friefeld, 1995). The data was subjected to 2×2 analysis of variance The results of ANOVA clearly revealed that highly religious people are more empathic and more altruistic, than low religious ones. The results also suggest that young adults having difficulties in regulating emotions are more altruistic and can take others perspective more efficiently. |
Pages: 1026-1028 Women occupied with playing different roles after marriage and quality of their experience in these roles were examined in relation to life satisfaction and spiritual well being. This study has been carried out to find out the significance difference between working and non-working women regarding spiritual well-being and life satisfaction. For this purpose sample of 100 married women ( 50 working & 50 non-working) were taken. Spiritual well-being scale by Paloutzian and Ellison and Satisfaction with Life Scale by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin were used in order to measure spiritual well-being and life satisfaction respectively. The result revealed that working and non-working womens differ significantly on the variable spiritual well-being but this difference is not significant for the life satisfaction. Further spiritual well-being and life satisfaction is found significantly and positively correlated. This implies that the satisfaction with life and happiness results in spiritual well-being. |
Pages: 1029-1033 Assault and attack against women is a atrocity not only against women but also against humanity. Every day thousands of cases of crime against women are reported across the world. Women are subject to cruelty and violence not only outside their safe zones but they are also face similar problems inside their very own comfort zones. So women and girls are not safe even in their homes. In the country like ours where we have been provided with all the constitutional rights of equality and liberty to all the citizens of the country including women but the grass root reality is very much different and despite all the legislations they are still living with less opportunities and rights, contrary to their counter partners. The present paper examined the theoretical construct of the problem of domestic violence as well as forms and consequence of violence against women in India. |
Pages: 1034-1037 Society requires the students to develop cognitive skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, data analysis techniques and its presentation. Thus our educational system needs a more powerful learning environment. Thus some alternative assessment methods have been developed to measure students' performance. One such alternative assessment method is portfolio assessment. Portfolio provides more reliable and dynamic data about the learners for teachers, parents and student themselves. Arter and Spandel has defined portfolio as a powerful collection of student work that exhibits to the student, or other, her efforts or achievement in one or more areas. Portfolio enables students to have a self assessment for their studies and learning. It helps students as a whole. It helps the learner to acquire some vital abilities like self assessment, critical thinking and monitoring one's own learning and help them become self-directed and reflective practitioners. It provides an opportunity to the students to demonstrate his / her strength and weaknesses. It assesses realistic and meaningful daily literacy task. Portfolios provide multiple ways of assessing students' learning overtime. It encourages students to develop some abilities needed to become independent and self directed learners. Portfolios also assess personal attributes. It enhances interactions between students and teachers and stimulates the use of reflective strategies. |
Pages: 1038-1043 Modern day living along with being complimented as an age of convenience for humanity can also be regarded as an age of great distress. The pace of evolution and urbanization seems tirelessly increasing in India, leading to a disparity in effective management of the new age contemporary modifications. This research investigation is an attempt to foster higher levels of mindfulness through yoga, reinforcing yoga as a measure to effectively prevent, manage, and rehabilitate the masses from the prevalent lifestyle disorders. It highlights the importance of yoga practices and documents its effects on the five facets of mindfulness among urban Indian adult community. Results indicate a significantly positive effect of yoga on all the five facets of mindfulness (p<.05) upon repeated measures of the construct, indicating yoga as an adjuvant intervention for psychological welfare. |
Pages: 1044-1046 The periodisation of history generated the understanding that the medieval age was the rule of the 'Muslims' without having the consent and the support of the 'Hindus'. Thus, essentially it was an empire based on force where the formation of the society on divisive lines was a natural outcome of it. To buttress this fact the caste system of the Hindus and the concept of Untouchability are put forth which proves the argument that the society did not allow free interaction and intermingling between the members. Further more, the adjectives used for the foreigners like 'Malechha', 'Chandala' etc. too rally around the same argument. The colonization of India by the Britishers saw the writing of history with a purpose. The establishment of the empire had much to do in the manner history of the subcontinent was written and presented. The knowledge had to sub serve the master and present the natives in a manner where the theory of 'white man's burden' could be justified. The biggest casualty of such kind of historiography was the medieval past. It was perceived as the “development of two monolithic communities in medieval India whose sole preoccupation seems to have been to fight each other.” This idea was first developed by James Mill which gave rise to the periodisation of Indian history as that of the 'Hindu', 'Mu1im' and 'British' periods. Islam came into India through traders and Sufi saints as early as 8th century A.D. The Delhi sultanate was established in the twelfth century but people were aware of the principles of Islam and it played a major role in establishing the empire. Mohammad Habib viewed this transition as changeover of public opinion and termed it as 'Urban Revolution”. |
Pages: 1047-1049 The aim of this research was to study the impact of multimedia package in science subject of class VIII female students. For testing the hypothesis of the research, 60 female of average intelligence students were finally selected. Out of these 60 female students one-half (n=30) were randomly assigned to the control group and another half (n=30) were randomly assigned to the experimental group. Multimedia Package and two sets of Science (Biology) Achievement Test were developed and used by the investigator for teaching chapters related to Biology subject of Science Textbook of class VIII prescribed by Board of Secondary Education, Chhattisgarh. In the pre-test, Set-I of Science (Biology) Achievement Test was administered on the two groups, i.e., Control and Experimental Groups and then were taught by the investigator for 1 period (40 minutes) every day. After teaching with traditional method and with multimedia package to control group and experimental groups, respectively, Set-II of Science (Biology) Achievement Test (SAT) was administered on these female students. Statistical analysis of data showed that the female students were considerably benefitted by multimedia package in regards to the achievement in science subject. |
Pages: 1050-1054 The basic aim of the present study is to find the influence of locus of control and gender on correct recognition of emotions from facial expressions. There are two major hypotheses was tested in this study i.e-Females students would recognize more emotions correctly from facial expressions than males students. Extrovert students would recognize more emotions correctly from facial expressions than introvert students. The 200 students were taking from various colleges in Aurangabad city, Age of the respondents was 18 to 25 years. For data collection, Locus of control scale and Facial Expression Cards was used and data was analysed by 't' test and disruptive statistics. On the basis of statistical analysis results shows that the females students are more recognize emotions correctly from facial expressions than male students. Introvert students are recognize more emotions correctly from facial expressions than Extrovert students. Further discussion and recommendations given in the full length of paper. |
Pages: 1055-1062 A growing number of suicides calls for predictability of such attempts in order to prevent suicides. A significant number of suicidal attempts are found to be non-linked to any psychiatric syndrome. Amongst the known risk factors, stressful life events, bereavement, childhood abuse have been found to be significant. Spiritual well-being may act as a protective factor. Suicide rates are found to differ in males and females. The present study was aimed at exploring these factors in males and females as predictors of suicidality using advanced Data Science methods. 14 individuals with at least one suicidal attempt referred from a Psychiatry OPD in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideations, Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale, The Grief Evaluation Measure, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Spiritual Well-being Scale, Beck Depression Inventory were used for measuring the predictor variables (both quantitative and qualitative). Data Science methods and Machine Learning paradigm using programming (Python 3.6, Version: Anaconda) languages and Decision Trees, Extra Trees, Logistic Regression were used to analyze the data. There seems to be significant discrimination in the way the predictor variables interact to result in suicidality in males and females. Beck Depression Inventory scores, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores were found to be relevant predictors explaining the discrimination seen between males and females. These preliminary findings suggest the need to model determinants and vulnerability to suicidal behavior, in prevention of suicides. |
Pages: 1063-1067 The purpose of the present study was to find the correlation between suicide ideation and psychosocial variables under the study i.e Perceived family and social support and depression. The sample consisted of 250 males and 250 females between the age range of 15-19 years, drawn from the various public and private school located within the municipal limits of Jaipur city. The standard psychological measures included Multi Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale (Orbach's, 1991); Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988); and Beck Depression Inventory (Beck's, 1961). It was found that suicide ideation was significantly negatively correlated with perceived family and social support (p < .01) and significantly positively correlated with depression (p < .01). It was also found students with greater mean perceived family and social support had low suicide ideation and students with greater mean depression scores had high suicide ideation than those with lesser mean depression scores. |
pAGES: 1068-1074 Burnout has been proved to be an important construct in any field where the person invests emotionally. The concept of burnout is believed to also occur outside occupational settings, such as in love and marriage. Therefore, the aim of the study was to develop, introduce and investigate the reliability and aspects of the validity of the Marital Burnout Scale. The Marital Burnout Scale is designed to measure marital burnout among the married couples in India. Sufficient pilot work was carried out on a small sample (n=20) during the development of a scale. Data were gathered via a sample of 80 married individuals of upper middle socio economic status. Content validity was built into the measure to avoid any extraneous content; Face validity was computed that identified items that lacked clarity; Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the 28 item- 5-point likert type scale was .97; discrimination index was calculated that discriminated between the groups scoring low and the groups scoring high on marital burnout; Concurrent validity computed was .95 showing a significant correlation between the test and a criterion (in our present study-marital satisfaction). For future research in this area Marital Burnout Scale could be expanded to include more test items. |
Pages: 1075-1079 |
Pages: 1080-1085 The present study was conducted on 200 subjects from different areas of Gorakhpur and Lucknow city. Main aim of the study was to explore the relationship between stress and health. Towards this end a set of 6 questionnaires was used. This study was conducted on 200 male and female subjects (100 males & 100 females). To know the relationship different statistical analysis were used namely descriptive analysis, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression. Results showed that there is a negative relationship between stress and health. Also, it was found that for different health variables different stress dimensions are responsible. |
Pages: 1086-1089 The present study was carried out to explore the training needs of university teachers for professional development. The study tried to find out important areas where teachers feel future training. The sample of the study was collected from faculty members of a state university situated in Guwahati, Assam. The sample consists of 30 teachers including both male and female. A self constructed questionnaire consisting of thirty two items was administered to collect data. The results showed that university teachers felt need for training in areas like teaching and research skills, computer usages skills, test material development skills. The study suggests that these areas should be included in training curriculum of college and university teachers. |
Pages: 1090-1092 This study examines the correlation between sexual compatibility and marital satisfaction. Married couples (n=70) who are in marriage for last 3 years were tested on both Hubert's Index of Sexual Compatibility and Hendrick's Relationship Assessment Scale. It was predicted that there is a positive correlation between sexual compatibility and marital satisfaction. Result validated the hypothesis of the study. It had been found that the co-efficient of correlation between sexual compatibility and marital satisfaction between men, women, and both are +.684, +.850, +.763 respectively. It has also been found that there is no significant mean difference between men and women on both the scales, i.e., SCS and RAS by applying the t-test. However the correlation is stronger in women than men, may be because of different meaning assigned to sex by both the genders. |
Pages: 1093-1097 "Will I gain my required marks? Will I do better in the examination than my friends? Will I satisfy my parents? Will I get on my preferred course? Will I be able to succeed in life?” In India, The higher rates of suicide and other mental illness in students may come from "the greater likelihood of disappointments when aspirations that define self worth and happiness are distorted or unmet by the reality faced by them. Pressure is inevitable for students today because of the attitudes and believes they hold towards education and this can be explained by Achievement Goal Orientation (AGO) theory. Though there are studies stating association of Achievement Goal Orientation with different patterns of coping and emotion, less number of studies have explored how Achievement Goal Orientation relates to students' Psychological Well-Being. The present study attempts to understand the influence of Mastery Goal Orientation (MGO), Performance Goal Orientation (PGO) on Psychological Well-Being (PWB) through the assumed mediating variable - Unconditional Self Acceptance (USA), which enables a person with a sense of self that is not influenced by any conditions such as good grades or appreciation by others. Sample of 200 engineering students was selected from different colleges in Bellary using simple random sampling method. Achievement Goal orientation scale, Unconditional Self Acceptance questionnaire, and Ryff's scale for Psychological Well Being were used to collect data. Mediation analysis was carried out and the results revealed that PGO predicts significantly and negatively USA and PWB; MGO predicts USA and PWB significantly in a positive direction. Further, it was confirmed that USA mediates the relationship between AGO and PWB. Implications of the study suggest creating awareness in the society about the unseen harmful effects on students' well being due to its over-emphasis on the performance of students rather than on students' learning and to form intervention programs to enhance Unconditional Self Acceptance in students. |
Pages: 1098-1100 The development of the child is considered from the view point that what goes on in a school. Most of the parents seek their children to be sent for better schooling and particularly to schools with the best infrastructure and competent teachers. So, this paper examines the role of self-esteem in normal school settings among senior secondary school students. A sample of 200 students was selected through random sampling and was taken for the study of self-esteem of school students. Before entering adulthood, it is important for adolescents to develop high self-esteem which in turn helps them to develop their personality. The descriptive survey method was used for assessing self-esteem of students; a heterogeneous group of 200 students comprised of 100 girls and 100 boys related to age group of 15-18 years underwent assessment. In addition to this self-esteem was assessed by using Coopersmith Inventory (1987) with reliability of 0.82. The findings indicate that there exist significant differences between the self-esteem of students belonging to private and government schools. Self-esteem plays an important role in gender also. So, boys and girls differ significantly on self-esteem assessment also. It can be concluded that school environment influenced the self-esteem of secondary school students. |
Pages: 1105-1107 A Paranormal phenomenon refers to belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, witchcraft and precognition. In OCD, paranormal beliefs play an important role in the maintenance of the symptoms. The objective of the present study is to assess the phenomena of paranormal belief difference between patient with moderate and severe obsessive compulsive symptoms. This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at outpatient and inpatient department of Psychiatry in Gajraraja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. The sample consists of 50 OCD patients diagnosed according to ICD-10 DCR. To measure the obsessive compulsive symptoms and paranormal belief, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Revised Paranormal Belief scale were administered respectively. To compute the data (SPSS) version 16.0 was used. Independent sample “t” test was used to analyze the difference between the groups. The results showed that the present study observed that patients with Severe Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms showed higher spiritual belief than the patients with Moderate Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms. Similarly patients with Moderate Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms reported higher Precognition belief than the patients with severe Obsessive compulsive symptoms. |
Pages: 1108-1112 The study was undertaken to determine the level of muscle tension and significant changes if any, using Electromyograph-Biofeedback (EMG-BF) training, in moderating the Stress level and General Well Being of the college students. The efficacy of EMG-BF was found to be effective in reducing the muscle tension which helped in reducing Stress level and improve General Well Being of the individuals. Stress results in psycho physiological changes within the individual. Biofeedback is a mind-body therapy using electronic instruments to help individuals gain awareness and control over psycho physiological processes that helps in dealing with various psychological issues. An important parameter of Biofeedback known as EMG (Electromyograph) was used in the study. An Electromyograph detects the electric potential generated by muscle cells. A total of five subjects were given five days of training on EMG-BF. The two scales used in the study were Stress scale and PGI General Well Being scale. The scales were administered pre and post BF-EMG training to determine whether there was any significant difference between the means obtained. The statistical analysis used was descriptive analysis using SPSS and paired sample t-test comparison at .05 significance level. The results obtained showed that there was a significant difference in the stress level of the students' pre and post EMG-BF training. The Stress level of the students gradually reduced with the help of Biofeedback training. Results also show that there is significant difference between the means obtained through administration of General Well Being scale as a result of which improvement could be seen. Thus Biofeedback can be considered as an effective training program for dealing with psycho physiological basis of behaviour. |