IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review
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Pages: 1232-1239 The body mass index (BMI) is a physical measurement used to assess an individual's total amount of body fat. The BMI was invented by Belgian polymath Adolphe Quetelet in the 1800, and consequently is sometimes known as the Quetelet index. The BMI is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms (kg) by your height in meters squared (m2). It is expressed as kg/m2. The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a surrogate marker for adiposity. However, the BMI indicates weight-for-height without considering differences in body composition and the contribution of body fat to overall body weight. Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution and in the prevalence of a complete set of BMI categories for adults Saurs. |
Pages: 1240-1247 The main objective of this study was to assess the current practices of PGDT training program in Ethiopian PGDT trainer Universities. It was designed to assess the current practices of PGDT in Ethiopian PGDT trainer Universities, to investigate the extent to which Ethiopian PGDT trainer Universities implement PGDT Practicum currently, to examine the extent to which PGDT stakeholders discharge their roles and responsibilities and to identify the major challenges facing currently. The target populations for this study were six randomly selected Ethiopian PGDT trainer Universities. Participants of the study were College of Education Deans, Teachers and PGDT trainees. The sampling techniques used were census sampling for College of Education Deans while simple random sampling technique was employed for teachers and students. Accordingly, 777 PGDT trainees, 36 PGDT teachers and 6 Education College Deans were selected. Both close-ended and open-ended questions were administered and distributed to teachers and PGDT students. Semi-structured interview was designed for College of Education Deans. The validity and reliability of the instruments for the final study was maintained through a pilot test. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods were employed to analyze and interpret the obtained data. These were descriptive and inferential statistical values such as percentages, aggregate mean, standard deviation and t-test. The result of the study revealed that, majority of respondents replied as PGDT guideline which was designed by MOE is appropriate and can be practiced in Ethiopian PGDT trainer Universities uniformly, but different PGDT trainer Universities use PGDT guideline which was suspected for norm based practice. Respondents agreed as the emphasis given for PGDT training program by PGDT stakeholders is almost low. The major challenges faced the PGDT program were low interest and commitment of PGDT stake holders, less value given for marks or grades given for overall PGDT certificates, inability of the program to be uniformly applied for regular and summer modality learners, etc. The outcome of t-test dictated as there was statistically significant difference between males and females in terms of challenges face them especially during PGDT practicum (F (2,775)=0.001, p<0.05). Finally, having strong follow up for PGDT trainees' learning, PGDT trainees attending by regular and summer modalities need to be treated differently based on their experiences and time spent in Universities, equivalent or more advantage should be given for PGDT certificate so as to persuade the others and strong effort has to be made for PGDT program by PGDT stakeholders were forwarded as recommendation. |
Pages: 1248-1257 The impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly determines whether an individual will be functional or dysfunctional in adulthood. The current study examines the prevalence and the socio-demographic correlates of ACEs. It also estimates the relative risk for ACEs and the risk for major depression in adulthood with respect to the significant socio-demographic factors. Data collected using a Demographic proforma and Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse Questionnaire-2 from 600 youth, selected through multi-stage stratified sampling from selected educational institutions in Kerala, South India, were analyzed using SPSS-20. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test, & Odds Ratio from Risk analysis) were used. ACEs were highly prevalent (91%) among youth and more than half of them had experienced three or more ACEs. In the case of ACE severity, gender was significantly associated with psychological abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse. Males had exposure to more severe ACEs than females. The odds of having physical and sexual abuses, and risk for major depression in adulthood were significantly greater (two times) among males than females. Further, the odds of experiencing antipathy, sexual and psychological abuses (two times), physical abuse (three times), and, risk for major depression in adulthood (four times) were significantly greater among youth with family dysfunction than those without it. Irrespective of gender, Kerala's youth have exposure to multiple ACEs. However, males and those with family dysfunction are at greater risk (physical & sexual abuses, & major depression in adulthood). It highlights the need for specific efforts and policies for prevention of ACEs. |
Pages: 1258-1264 Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. Intellectual disability should be considered a deviation in the development that increases the risk for psychopathology. For example, people with Intellectual Disability often have comorbid problems such as stereotype and challenging behaviour, anxiety and depression. The present study attempted to investigate the co-morbid psychiatric conditions in children with intellectual disability. Sample of the study consists of 120 children with intellectual disability, taken by using purposive sampling technique. Developmental Psychopathology Checklist (DPCL) (Kapur et al., 2011) was used to assess the co-morbid psychiatric conditions in children with Intellectual Disability, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. This was a cross sectional study conducted at RINPAS. Result showed that developmental problem like speech, expressive language, receptive language, inability to relate people and inability to play with other children, sexual problem were mostly reported. Psychiatric conditions like attention deficit hyperactive disorder, conduct disorder were more reported. |
Pages: 1265-1273 The present study aimed to examine the translation ability in Hindi-English bilingual speakers. A descriptive research design with purposive sampling technique was used in the current study. A total of 60 bilingual speakers of Hindi and English in the age range of 18 to 78 years participated in this study. The participants were divided in to three groups having 20 Participants in each. They were labeled as Group A, Group B, and Group C. The present study aimed to examine the translation ability in Hindi-English bilingual speakers on different tasks such as word recognition, word translation, sentence translation and grammaticality judgment. The results were enumerated here in four sections, namely: Overall Category wise performance on Hindi - English BAT. Comparison of performance in terms of age, i.e., between young, middle and geriatric adults. Comparison of performance in terms of education. Comparison of performance in relation to age of second language acquisition. Summary: Age of acquisition of second language was higher that is mean age of 9.5 year when compare to group A and B which is 7.55 and 7.35 respectively. |
Pages: 1274-1277 Appropriate teaching skills are a significant part of a teacher's job. Even special educators are also required to create an atmosphere, flexible enough to cover varied needs of their students. For the effective performance it is important to take into account the psychological well being of the teachers or else they may experience both stress and burnout. This paper outlines the level of occupational stress and burn out amongst the teachers in general and special school. A total of twenty five teachers each were taken up from the special schools and the sample from general schools selected were matched on age and gender. Self constructed interview schedule was used to collect data on socio demographic profile of the teachers, Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981) and The Occupational Stress Index (Srivastava & Singh, 1981) were used. The results showed that under burn out, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization were found to be significantly higher among teachers in special school and personal accomplishment was found to be lower. Scores on occupational stress indicated significant differences in the following sub scales of, i.e., role overload, unreasonable group and political pressure, responsibility of persons, unprofitability. |
Pages: 1278-1283 The present study was undertaken to evaluate Mood states and ways of coping among Type 1 diabetic, Type 2 Diabetic and non diabetic patients. A total of 50 type 1 diabetic, 50 type 2 diabetic and 100 non diabetic chronic medical disease patients from the state of Rajasthan served as the sample for the study. Male patients between the age group of 35-55 with minimum education level of graduation belonging to the urban area of Jaipur were selected for the study. To attain the objective of the study, Eight state questionnaires developed by Barton, Cattell and Corher (1972) and the ways of coping scale developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1985) was administered to the sample population to obtain data pertaining to the Mood states and ways of coping. The results of the study revealed that diabetic patients were significantly higher on negative moods in comparison to non diabetic chronic medical disease patients where as non diabetic chronic medical disease patients were high on extraversion and arousal. Among the diabetic patients type 2 diabetic patients were found to be significantly high on negative mood. This research also found out that type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients uses less functional coping pattern in comparison to other chronic medical disease patients. |
Pages: 1284-1289 A change in the attitude of the society is a prerequisite for bringing about any substantial change in the status of women in the society. Since the role of women is most important and no nation can afford to ignore it. It becomes imperative to look into the fact that how women identify themselves as feminist. The present study is a descriptive survey to measure the feminist identity among prospective teachers. The purposive random sample consisted of 100 female prospective teachers. The sample was categorized into two groups, i.e., entrant and proficient groups. The major findings of the study were that in both the entrant and proficient groups the art streams respondents scored the highest average feminist identity than the science group this could mean the subjects taught in arts gives more opportunity to students to learn about their identity in the social patriarchal system. It was also concluded that the art stream respondents may be at the 'embeddendness -emanation stage' where a women immerses herself in cultural and intellectual contexts that are woman oriented . Unlike the science stream respondents, which may be transiting from the earlier stage 'passive acceptance stage' to 'embeddedness emanation stage'. |
Pages: 1290-1294 The present study was carried out to study the nutrient intake and anthropometric measures of two different ethnic community women. 365 women in the age group of 30-45 years belonging to two different socio-cultural groups namely Tamil speaking or any of the other South Indian languages and those from Rajasthan primarily from the Marwari community and three different socio-economic groups of high, middle and low-income groups residing in Chennai were selected as samples for the study. Diet patterns of the subjects were assessed from the responses elucidated from the questionnaire including the meal patterns, snacking frequency, dining out frequency. 24-hour dietary recall method was adopted to assess the nutrient intake on a week day and a weekend day using standardized cups and measures. Dietcal software was employed to calculate the nutrient intake of the subjects during week days and weekends. Nutrient intakes were analyzed in terms of energy intake and macro nutrient intake Mean carbohydrate intakes are increased during weekends (346.19+26.33) compared to week days (360.71+27.38 ) among the West Indian community. A contrast picture is been observed among the south Indian community where the weekend intake is lesser than week day intake. Mean protein and fat intakes are higher over week ends in all the socio-economic groups and they are reflected in the mean energy intake over an increased rate during the week ends. |
Pages: 1295-1299 Cancer is a serious and acute disorder that is known to be fatal. Due to its life threatening nature, it is usually marked by hopelessness and negative attitude towards life. Anxiety and depression amongst such patients are common. The treatment itself, in many cases, brings further deterioration in physical health of the patients along with psychological status. Therefore, it is important to understand the quality of life (QOL) of the individuals suffering from cancer. Keeping this in mind, present study was designed to assess and compare the QOL of various types of cancer patients in India with normal subjects. It was hypothesized that QOL would be significantly poor amongst the patients of cancer. To test the hypothesis, multi group design with four types of cancer i.e. breast, cervix, lung & prostate cancer (Stage II & III) was employed. A parallel control group was also taken in the 5 groups design. Sample consisted of 250 subjects. 50 cancer patients in each group and 50 normal healthy control subjects were selected on the basis of availability and informed consent. European Organization Research and treatment of cancer Quality of Life questionnaire C-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3.) was used to assess the quality of life of the cancer patients. One way ANOVA followed by DRT showed that quality of life amongst cancer patients had significantly reduced. Although trend of significant differences in various dimensions of quality of life of different cancer groups was not consistent, yet the deterioration of quality of life was found to be more in cervix and prostate cancer group and least in the breast cancer group on various dimensions. It is suggested and recommended that psychological intervention to improve the quality of life of cancer patients should be an integral part of the treatment and type of cancer should be considered while designing such interventions. |
Pages: 1300-1309 This article identifies Intellectual Capital and relationship of Human Capital, Social Capital and Organization Capital as main Intellectual Capital in Financial Company in South India (Kerala & Tamilnadu). The main objective of this study is fond relationship of Human Capital, Social Capital and Organisation Capital in Financial company. In financial company we analysed banking and non banking company separately. We used questionnaire as tools for collecting data in this study. Theoretical bases were collected from Persian and English texts and books and required data by referring to financial statements, explanatory notes, weekly and monthly reports of Bombay stock exchange between different banks and during the time period 2014 to 2018 and it is worth to say that the variables are calculated by Excel software and the results will be discussed by SPSS software as well as outputs. |
Pages: 1310-1314 Trust plays a key role in successful goal pursuits and sustaining relationships in everyday life. Contrarily decline of trust creates barriers in communication and interferes with the smooth functioning in interpersonal settings. With this in view, the present study attempts to locate the theme of trust in psychological discourse and empirically examine the mediating role of trust in social interactions particularly reciprocity. To this end, data was collected on measures of trust, reciprocity, self-construal and self-other inclusiveness on a sample of 80 participants and then analysed. The study proposed a two-pronged conceptualisation of trust involving self-trust and social trust. Self-trust has been seen to be positively correlated with positive reciprocity, independent self-construal and self-other inclusiveness and social trust has been seen to be positively correlated with interdependent self-construal and negatively correlated with negative reciprocity. |
Pages: 1315-1319 Kashmir popularly known as the paradise on earth has been a major tourist attraction in India. The valley among its beautiful green meadows, picturesque lakes and rich culture also weaves a tale of trauma and suffering. The state seems to be divided on the issue of “azadi” and accession to India and Pakistan more than any state of India, Kashmir has witnessed highest level of violation of human rights. A research conducted by MSF (Medecine Sans Frontiere) in 2015 found that 45% of adults, that is, one out of two, suffers from symptoms of mental disturbance. Recently, the situation has grown worse amidst the never ending curfew and bouts of unrest. It has also provided a glimpse into the seething anger that boils in the youth of valley. The aim of this study was to see the impact of the ongoing conflict and unrest in the valley on the aggression levels in the youth and their tendencies to develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD diagnostic scale for DSM-5 and aggression scale were administered on youth residing in Kashmir falling in the age group of 15-30 years. Being a resident of the state, the second author personally observed and experienced this as matter of grave concern. Therefore this research study hopes to draw attention to the emotional scars of the conflicted areas and highlights the lack of psychological well-being in the valley. India must understand that in its paradise also grows a story of invisible wounds which are no less lethal. |
Pages: 1320-1329 Body dissatisfaction, the attitudinal component of body image, refers to the negative perception and evaluation of one's own body. This study was carried out to learn about the relationship of body dissatisfaction to self-esteem and socio-cultural influences. Also, domains of body dissatisfaction and internalization were compared among men and women. College students (30 female & 30 male) were surveyed. Women reported more body dissatisfaction than men. Internalization of athletic ideal was more prevalent in men than women, while there was no difference in internalization of thin-ideal. Results also indicated that there is a positive relationship between body dissatisfaction and socio-cultural pressures (family, peer, & media). Self-esteem and body dissatisfaction were negatively correlated with each other. |
Pages: 1333-1337 The main objective of present paper to study the effect of perceived stress on personal growth initiatives of inter regional migrant students. Students (947) studying in north Indian universities belonging to Southern, Western, Eastern regions of India, were selected by purposive and chain sampling. Stepwise Regression was applied and found that the dimensions of perceived stress as well as overall perceived stress negatively affect personal growth initiative of inter regional migrant students. The findings, implications and suggestions for future research discussed. |
Pages: 1338-1342 'Health is wealth' a popular Indian proverb indicated the importance of health in human life. It is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Various studies suggested that individual's mental health affected by his/her emotional ability and confidence in abilities. Emotional intelligence is one's ability to perceive own and other's emotions, regulate and use it to facilitate thoughts. The aim of propped study was to examine the relationship of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and mental health on the sample of 100 boys and girls age ranged from 16-18 years. Three measures were employed; these are mental health inventory (Jagdish & Srivastva, 1998); MSREIS-R (Pandey & Anand, 1996); and Self-efficacy questionnaire (Muris, 2001). Results of regression analyses revealed that adolescent's mental health is being significantly predicted by the emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy. The findings are discussed with implications and in light of future perspective. |
Pages: 1343-1345 Considering the changing dynamics of organizations, assessing factors related to manager-subordinate relationships is of high importance to ensure productivity and profitability of organizations. Along these lines, Psychological Capital of managers, with its four dimensions, self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism, as a positive construct promoting Subjective Well-Being of their subordinates was examined by the present study. Survey method was employed using self-administered questionnaires and quantitative data was collected from 91 managers and 139 subordinates working in public or private sectors of Delhi NCR using cross-sectional study design. While the managers exhibited relatively reduced levels of optimism when compared to the other dimensions, their overall Psychological Capital was found to be satisfactory. However, the subordinates were found to be less pleased about their Subjective Well-Being. Among the four dimensions of Psychological Capital, hope of managers was observed to have a large positive impact on Subjective Well-Being of their subordinates while the effects of resilience, optimism and self-efficacy were not found to be statistically significant. The study emphasizes the need for implementing policy interventions, especially to promote hope and optimism of the managers, consequently improving the Subjective Well-Being of subordinates. |
Pages: 1346-1349 Organic Farming as the word connotes is the use of organic matter in farming. India going organic is nothing new as we have a long history of using the organic products. However green revolution applied breaks on it and now again after the gains of green revolution has started weaning out, the organic farming concept is back in business. Bihar is also experiencing a wave of back to organic farming revolution. However, in Bihar it is still in the infant stage with only a few pockets going organic. But on a positive note we can say that a step has been taken and hopefully we will build on it. This article has made a comparative analysis of Organic and Inorganic Farming in terms of Gobi (a widely grown & consumed vegetable in Bihar). The output, cost and price analysis has been made between the two farming methods. It analyses the actual gains for the farmers from the two types of farming. It also looks into the aspect of the problems that organic farming is facing in Nalanda which is preventing it to spread its roots in the district. |
Pages: 1350-1357 The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between organizational justice, organizational commitment, and creative behaviour of employees of a private organization. The sample consisted of 184 managerial and supervisory employees' from a private sector organization. The data have been analysed by using descriptive analysis, coefficient of correlation, and regression analysis. Finding indicated that organizational justice and its dimensions are significantly correlated with organizational commitment, and creative behaviour and organizational justice significantly contributed in organizational commitment and creative behaviour. |
Pages: 1358-1363 The present study has made an effort to investigate the teaching effectiveness of school teachers with their attributes. A representative sample of 400 (200 male & 200 female) teachers from urban and rural primary schools of four districts in Haryana was randomly selected. Teaching effectiveness Scale by Misra (1991) and Teacher Attributes Scale by the investigator (2017) was used to assess teaching effectiveness and attributes of primary school teachers. The study revealed that significant difference was not found in teaching effectiveness of male and female primary school teachers. Similar results were found out for urban teachers and rural teachers. Significant difference was found in teaching effectiveness of government and private primary school teachers. Significant difference was not found in the attributes of male and female, urban and rural, government and private primary school teachers. A significant relationship was found between the teaching effectiveness and teacher attributes of primary school teachers. |
Pages: 1364-1370 Feelings of kindness, compassion, and empathy in attitude have become a rare phenomenon in the urban population leading to psychological issues of Self-Harm and extreme Risk Taking behavior ranging from Suicide to Drug Abuse. This investigation converges its focus on the rising need for compassion directed inwards in the Indian urban society. Self-compassion is increased through interventions like Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, Loving-Kindness Meditation, with little researched with regard to individuals practicing forms of mindfulness based interventions such as meditation or Yoga practices in relation to Self-Compassion. A tremendous amount of attention has been received by Yoga with an aim to investigate the strength of its association with psychological experiences across all populations. This investigation is an attempt to examine the association between Self-Compassion and Psychological Health among urban Indian adult practitioners of Hatha Yoga. Sample of the study comprised of adults aged between 25-35 years, who have been into practice of Hatha Yoga for 3-months duration. An account of quantitative results obtained predicts a significant and positive relationship between psychological health and all the positive sub-elements of Self-Compassion. |
Pages: 1371-1375 The purpose of this study was to construct a scale to measure the environmental factors affecting small scale entrepreneurship in Rajasthan. Based on data provided by a national level study, four factors have been identified to measure the environmental factors in the state affecting entrepreneurship. Items to measure these dimensions were developed. Small scale businessmen from Rajasthan answered the 24 item scale. The scale was tested for factor structure, reliability and validity and the final version consisted of 18 items. It can be used by researchers and can provide information to the government about the effectiveness of its policies. |
Pages: 1376-1381 In the structural model, it is a necessary but not sufficient condition to compare the beta of direct path with the product term of indirect path to interpret the results of mediation analysis. This study applies a step-by-step process on illustrative data by means of PLS-SEM with the application of SmartPLS3. It evaluates four variables (Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Turnover Intention & Organizational Productivity) from the literature on past study. The sample consisted of 128 employees working in the Manufacturing organization in Gurgaon. The mean age of the employees was 44.94 years. 31.88 %of employees were B.E. /B. Tech, 5.79 % were B.C.A., 44.79% were M. Tech and 17.39% of employees were M.C.A. The objective of this study was to investigate the Mediation effect between Independent Variables (Organizational Commitment & Job Satisfaction) and Dependent variable (Organizational Productivity). Results shows that Turnover Intention partial mediate the relationship between Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Productivity. |
Pages: 1382-1385 India is a developing country that established itself on global level. Status of women in India has been changing rapidly from last few decades. India's constitution guarantees to all Indian women equal rights to men. In modern India, women are more capable, self-dependent and confident. They proved themselves now not only in family, but in every field which are considered only for men. Now women are playing a lot of roles such as a mother, a wife, an employee and so on. This multitasking results a lot of health related problems for women. Health is an important aspect of the survival of any human being. Health cannot be defined as only physical but mental well-being is also important. The present review talks about the neurological and psychological health hazards faced by women in Indian society. The most common health issues faced by women are malnutrition, poor maternal health, depression, anxiety, breast cancer, cervical cancer, anemia, PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome), PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder), PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) and heart diseases. Women's status in Indian society, gender discrimination, work pressure, domestic violence and Indian cultural beliefs are the major causes of women's health related problems. |
Pages: 1386-1391 During the last few decades researchers have developed a genuine interest in the interaction of the work and family domains. Despite the fact, there is a growing interest in the positive side of the work-family interface; research on the work-family facilitation appears to be scanty. Therefore, consistent with the increasing interest in the positive psychology, which emphasized on the positive connections between work and family, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between both the directions of work-family facilitation i.e. work-to-family facilitation and family-to-work facilitation and mental health among professors. Data were collected from 145 professors from different degree colleges in Raebareli and Lucknow region. Data were obtained on the basis of responses by means of structured questionnaires of work-family facilitation and mental health. The data of the present study was analysed using correlation and hierarchical regression analyses. The findings of the correlational analyses revealed significant positive relationship between both the direction of work-family facilitation i.e. work-to-family facilitation and family-to-work facilitation and mental health. Further, the findings of the hierarchical regression analyses revealed that work-to-family and family-to-work facilitation were significantly positively predicted the mental health when the effects of demographic variables were controlled. The findings of the present study implicated that organizations should understand the positive side of the work-family facilitation when they made the organizational policies and they have to made broad strategy to enhance the work-family facilitation between work and family roles which in turn enhance the mental health of employees. Finally, limitations of the study and future research suggestion have also been discussed. |