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Pages: 274-278
Amjad Ali (Department of Humanities and Social Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela,, Odisha)
Abu Sufiyan Zilli (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

The present research intends to understand the influence of manager's perception of Ego-Strength and Quality of Work Life on their affective commitment. The study was carried out in different private and public organizations/ company located at Delhi and its NCR (National Capital Region). Data were collected from 300 managers through convenience random sampling method. Analysis of the data was done using stepwise multiple regression analysis and t-test respectively. Result revealed that in private undertakings neither Ego-Strength nor Quality of Work Life influenced affective commitment of managers. Quality of work life has influenced/ predicted affective commitment of managers in public undertakings only. Results further revealed significant difference between managers of private and public undertakings on all the measured variables such as Ego-Strength, Quality of Work Life and Affective Commitment. The findings imply that the organizations in both the sectors need to understand and manage managers' Ego-Strength and provide them with suitable interpersonal atmosphere to strengthen their ego so that their level of Commitment toward the organization could be enhanced. Results are explained in the light of present scenario in existing private and public undertakings.
Pages: 274-278 Amjad Ali (Department of Humanities and Social Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela,, Odisha) Abu…
Pages: 269-273
Reza Nazeri and Nooraini Othman (Perdana School of Science, Technology & Innovation Policy Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia)
Kamran Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri (SEADPRI, UKM, Malaysi, Bangi )

Student learning in primary schools is one of the most consideration issues for families and those who they are in education system. In psychology they are a lot of ways, methods and scholars for better learning of students. Since, environmental capacities can help us to find new approaches to enable students to achieve their learning potential. A phenomenological method implemented in this paper to identify all effectiveness and weakness concepts for student learning in primary school. In fact, we want to link phenomenological method to environment and student learning help us to make big umbrella to integrate all visible and invisible dimensions of learning. By the better words, reconstruct new subjects point of view and relation between theoretical and practical knowledge in teaching and learning. Students learning in primary schools essentially require involvement, including engagement with the environment and thus for the student to “be in place”. Within the our framework of phenomenological environment aesthetics, learning environment can be described through the concept of place as the meaningful center of human space. Furthermore, all phenomenological methods explorations are through human life style and experiences in any situation and everywhere. Then, phenomenological environment and learning help us to understand relation between theoretical and practical knowledge and know our potentials in environment to increase students understanding.
Pages: 269-273 Reza Nazeri and Nooraini Othman (Perdana School of Science, Technology & Innovation Policy Universiti…
Pages: 269-272
Dharamvir Dhanda (Asstt. Professor, CRM Jat College, Hisar, Haryana)

Since 1960, the Indian government has described the country's Naga insurgency as a grave threat to domestic security. The major causes of continuing insurgency in Nagaland is an Ethnicity, Economic development and political system. The insurgent have made their people promised that their struggling for their own rights .So the Naga people continue to be sympathetic towards the insurgents. The study of the sustaining dynamics behind Naga violence suggests that the rebels are growing operationally stronger due to profits derived from organized crime. The administration in the area has not been able to meet the demands made this demographically complex area.
Pages: 269-272 Dharamvir Dhanda (Asstt. Professor, CRM Jat College, Hisar, Haryana)
Pages: 267-268
Jagdish Duhan (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan)

Socio-economic success is usually obtained having signs, like GDP, lifetime, knowledge moreover to levels of profession. Upgrades with less-tangible aspects can also be thought to be, like particular self-worth, overall versatility linked with organization, particular safety moreover to overall versatility by worry of actual cause damage to, along with the opportunity linked with engaging with public modern community. Factors that cause socio-economic has effects on usually are, completely new technical know-how, improvements with regulation, improvements from the actual establishing moreover to ecological improvements. From the viewpoint of road solidity, portion of knowledge factorization and irrigated position, this is the most leading position of the State. This report focuses on the socio financial and inhabitants' escalation in Haryana. The research and results are made from the sources of the formal gazettes and Government information of Native India.
Pages: 267-268 Jagdish Duhan (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan)
Pages: 264-266
Manmohan Singh (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan)
Agyajit Singh (Ex. Head, Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The purpose of the present study was to find out the significant differences on emotional maturity of secondary school teachers in respect to sex, locations of schools and types of schools of teachers. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant differences on different aspects of emotional competency between male and female teachers, between rural and urban schools teachers as well as those of Govt and private schools. For it, 400 secondary school teachers were selected randomly; out of which were 200 were male and 200 were female teachers. Out of the total sample, 200 teachers (100 male and 100 female) were from rural schools and 200 (100 male and 100 female) were from urban schools. Similarly, 200 teachers were taken from government schools and 200 were taken from private managed but recognized schools. All these teachers were administered Emotional Competency Scale devised by Bhardwaj and Sharma for measuring emotional maturity. The results reveal that significant differences exist on some dimensions of emotional competency between male and female teachers, rural and urban school teachers as well as teachers of the government and private schools.
Pages: 264-266 Manmohan Singh (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan) Agyajit Singh (Ex. Head, Department of Psychology, Punjabi…
Pages: 261-263
Rajive Kumar (Department of Education, N.A.S. College, Meerut)
Narendra Kumar (Department of Education, S.G.P.G. College, Sarurpurkhurd, Meerut )

This study attempts to assess the vocational interests of the science and arts stream students of senior secondary Schools. A sample of 200 students was randomly selected from different Schools of Meerut province. They were administered Vocational Interests Record developed by S.P. Kulshrestha, which measures 10 dimensions of vocational interests. Results show that the science and arts stream students of senior secondary schools were found to be differed significantly on the vocational interest's dimensions Literacy vocational interests, Scientific vocational interests, Executive vocational interests, Commercial vocational interests, Constructive vocational interests, Artistic vocational interests, Agriculture vocational interests, Persuasive vocational interests, and House Hold vocational interests. However, no difference was observed between science and arts stream students on the dimension social vocational interests.
Pages: 261-263 Rajive Kumar (Department of Education, N.A.S. College, Meerut) Narendra Kumar (Department of Education, S.G.P.G. College…
Pages: 259-260
Sunita (Department of Education, Singhania University, Singhania)

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is an effort to universalize elementary education by community-ownership of the school system. It is a response to the demand for quality basic education all over the country. The SSA program is also an attempt to provide an opportunity for improving human capabilities to all children, through provision of community-owned quality education in a mission mode. This paper is an attempt to appraise the viability of the project in different states. Though, this project has got huge success initially but thereafter it gradually lost its color.
Pages: 259-260 Sunita (Department of Education, Singhania University, Singhania)
Pages: 253-258
Adfar Rashid Shah (Department of Sociology, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi)

Named after the most famous Chinese product silk, Silk Route is a commercial trade route across Eurasia and prior to prosperity of sea route it had created a legendry history of Eurasian continent. Treated as the important connecting link and an effective agency of cultural exchange in the past silk route/road is a huge communication project connecting east and west. Apart from being a major trading route this road was of immense significance in the establishment and maintenance of diplomatic relations across the different nations as well. The revival of this historic route in contemporary globalised era amidst the technologically advanced and a more sophisticated information communication network with increasing independence among the states is the need of the hour. The route can serve for the dynamic development of healthy political relations, trade and better economic relation which in turn will strengthen the states if mutually advantageous partnership gets developed among all states on the Silk Road. This paper mainly focuses on the socio-cultural significance and more specifically upon the revival of the historical silk route along with the underlying issues and impediments. This paper also highlights the state of the land locked states of Afghanistan and other few central Asian countries and dependence on their neighbors.
Pages: 253-258 Adfar Rashid Shah (Department of Sociology, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi)
Pages: 244-252
Pirzada M. Amin (Department of Sociology & Head Department of Social Work, University of Kashmir, Srinagar)

Tourism and leisure in current era has emerged as one of the vital phenomenon which has assumed considerable facets in the given social configuration across the world. Therefore, it needs to be scrutinized in the developmental and literary context. Kashmir with the passage of time developed in terms of both number and infrastructure of tourism and leisure spots and remained a world famous destination from ancient to the present times. As a contribution to this argument, the social history of leisure is offered in an endeavor to set the record straight. It endeavors to present a plausibly tangible portrayal of how leisure has changed since 1600 A.D, arguing that most renovations have taken place since the 16th century. There is a significant trend in the measure and nature of leisure in the post modern societies because of the increasing level of competitive social life. The emergence of leisure as a value is universal from times immemorial and continues to be ideal value despite a numerous transformation in the form and content of avenues of leisure in the face of rapid modernization and technological changes. Leisure and tourism are a part of cultural universals. This paper provides a useful framework for academic research in unraveling the historical account of leisure and tourism in the valley of Kashmir and may be helpful for numerous community development curricula across a range of institutions. It provides a brief historical mapping of leisure and tourism landscape of the valley.
Pages: 244-252 Pirzada M. Amin (Department of Sociology & Head Department of Social Work, University of…
Pages: 239-243
Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study was carried out to study the attribution and outcomes in student behavior on eighty male students. The subjects were administered anagram tasks and attributional questionnaire. The results indicated that younger students attributed their outcomes for internal cause while elder students attributed positive outcome for internal causes and negative outcome for external causes.
Pages: 239-243 Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana)
Pages: 235-238
Poonam (Department of Economics, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, JhojhuKalan, Bhiwani)

This paper explains that poverty is a social phenomenon in which a section of society is unable to fulfill even its basic necessities of life. The countries of world exhibit invariably the existence of mass poverty, although poverty also exists even in the developed countries of Europe and America. In almost all underworld countries where per capital income is very low, income inequality has resulted in a member of evils, of which poverty is certainly the most serious one. The major problem before any economy is to achieve consistently rising levels of economic growth. In recent years, there has grown disillusionment both in rich and poor countries about the pursuit of growth as the main socio-economic objective. In the countries of Third world, e.g. in India economic growth has resulted in glaring inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth; it has widened the gap between the rich and the poor. The paper covers characteristics, causes of rural and urban poverty, strategies to remove, and poverty alleviation programmes for rural and urban poverty. The paper also provides estimates about poverty. Planning Commission, as the Government's nodal agency, estimates the incidence of poverty at the national and state levels, on the basis of large sample survey on household consumer expenditure conducted by National Sample Survey (NSS) Organization approximately every five years. India has emerged at the 4th largest economy globally with a high growth rate and has improved its global ranking in terms of per capita income. India has moved up the ranks, but is still the poorest among theG-20. The paper explains New BPL Criteria formed by N. C. Sexena panel in August 2008. This paper also explains Tendulkar Committee's Recommendations about poverty. The committee suggested a formula based on 'Consumption Expenditure' for identifying BPL families. A 'Basket of Minimum List' has been included in consumption expenditure. Tendulkar's new formula adopted the 'Cost of Living' as the basis for identifying poverty. The paper shows India's ranking in Global Hunger Index.
Pages: 235-238 Poonam (Department of Economics, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, JhojhuKalan, Bhiwani)
Pages: 231-234
Meenakshi Katyal (Department of Management Studies, Bhagat Phool Singh Women University, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat)

The private label is emerging as a new business model in the dogfight world of Indian retail. Growth in private label sales appears to be coming more from consumers as the taste and preferences are changing due to change in lifestyles and spending patterns which in turn is giving rise to new business opportunities for the Indian retailers. Private label retailers are bridging the gap in their product mix and are targeting the specific needs of the Indian consumers and are relying heavily on Private labels. The Paper is fully review based. The aim of the research is to determine the motivators for retailers to introduce Private Label Brands. To mention the growth of private label brands in various categories and the reasons why Private Label Brands are preferred? In this paper some leading private label brands has been discussed. This paper has shown that the Private Label Brands are expanding into many categories like FMCG, Apparels, Consumer Durables, Home Care etc. As Private Label Brands has high gross margin, low cost, increased bargaining power, low cost on R&D, reduced costs in packaging, product design and advertising, retailers are motivating to introduce more and more Private Label Brands in the market.
Pages: 231-234 Meenakshi Katyal (Department of Management Studies, Bhagat Phool Singh Women University, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat)
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